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Document And Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Document And Entity Information - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 13, 2019	Jun. 29, 2018
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Avadel Pharmaceuticals PLC
Entity Central Index Key	0001012477
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Trading Symbol	AVDL
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		37,355,511
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Smaller Reporting Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 221,263,931

Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 103,269	$ 173,245	$ 150,246
Operating expenses:
Cost of products	17,516	16,301	13,248
Research and development expenses	39,329	33,418	34,611
Selling, general and administrative expenses	100,359	58,860	44,179
Intangible asset amortization	6,619	3,659	13,888
(Gain) loss - changes in fair value of related party contingent consideration	(22,731)	(31,040)	49,285
Impairment of intangible asset	66,087	0	0
Restructuring costs	1,016	2,542	0
Total operating expenses	208,195	83,740	155,211
Operating (loss) income	(104,926)	89,505	(4,965)
Investment and other income, net	452	2,136	2,758
Interest expense	(10,622)	(1,052)	(963)
Other income (expense) - changes in fair value of related party payable	1,899	2,071	(6,548)
(Loss) income before income taxes	(113,197)	92,660	(9,718)
Income tax (benefit) provision	(17,893)	24,389	31,558
Net (loss) income	$ (95,304)	$ 68,271	$ (41,276)
Earnings (loss) per share
Net income (loss) per share - basic (in usd per share)	$ (2.55)	$ 1.69	$ (1.00)
Net income (loss) per share - diluted (in usd per share)	$ (2.55)	$ 1.63	$ (1.00)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	37,325	40,465	41,248
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	37,325	41,765	41,248
Product sales
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 101,423	$ 172,841	$ 147,222
License revenue
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 1,846	$ 404	$ 3,024

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net (loss) income	$ (95,304)	$ 68,271	$ (41,276)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain	(419)	134	(1,024)
Net other comprehensive income, net of ($18), $28, $16 tax, respectively	269	165	116
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(150)	299	(908)
Total comprehensive (loss) income	$ (95,454)	$ 68,570	$ (42,184)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, tax	$ (18)	$ 28	$ 16

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 9,325	$ 16,564
Marketable securities	90,590	77,511
Accounts receivable	11,330	14,785
Inventories, net	4,770	6,157
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	8,836	8,958
Total current assets	124,851	123,975
Property and equipment, net	1,911	3,001
Goodwill	18,491	18,491
Intangible assets, net	1,629	92,289
Research and development tax credit receivable	7,272	5,272
Other non-current assets	36,146	10,249
Total assets	190,300	253,277
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	106	111
Current portion of long-term related party payable	9,439	25,007
Accounts payable	3,503	7,477
Deferred revenue	114	2,007
Accrued expenses	21,695	50,926
Income taxes	73	414
Other current liabilities	3,453	597
Total current liabilities	38,383	86,539
Long-term debt, less current portion	115,734	156
Long-term related party payable, less current portion	19,401	73,918
Other non-current liabilities	14,002	7,084
Total liabilities	187,520	167,697
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred shares, nominal value of $0.01 per share; 50,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	0	0
Ordinary shares, nominal value of $0.01 per share; 500,000 shares authorized; 42,720 issued and 37,313 outstanding at December 31, 2018, and 41,463 issued and 39,346 outstanding at December 31, 2017	427	414
Treasury shares, at cost, 5,407 and 2,117 shares held at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	(49,998)	(22,361)
Additional paid-in capital	433,756	393,478
Accumulated deficit	(357,989)	(262,685)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(23,416)	(23,266)
Total shareholders’ equity	2,780	85,580
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 190,300	$ 253,277

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical)	Dec. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares shares
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred shares, nominal value (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred shares, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred shares, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Ordinary shares, nominal value (in usd or euro per share) \| (per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Ordinary shares, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	42,720,000	41,463,000
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	37,313,000	39,346,000
Treasury shares, held (in shares)	5,407,000	2,117,000

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Ordinary shares	Additional paid-in capital	Accumulated deficit	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Treasury Shares
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015		41,241				0
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 69,134	$ 6,331	$ 363,984	$ (278,524)	$ (22,657)	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income	(41,276)			(41,276)
Other comprehensive loss	(908)				(908)
Subscription of warrants	326		326
Exercise of stock options or warrants (in shares)		15
Exercise of stock options or warrants	114	$ 2	112
Vesting of restricted shares (in shares)		115
Vesting of restricted shares	0	$ 18	(18)
Stock-based compensation expense	14,679		14,679
Cross-border merger nominal value adjustment	0	$ (5,937)	5,937
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		41,371				0
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2016	42,069	$ 414	385,020	(319,800)	(23,565)	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net (loss) income	68,271			68,271
Other comprehensive loss	299				299
Exercise of stock options or warrants (in shares)		69
Vesting of restricted shares (in shares)		23
Vesting of restricted shares	0
Stock-based compensation expense	8,062		8,062
Exercise of stock options	396		396
Share repurchases (in shares)						2,117
Share repurchases	(22,361)					$ (22,361)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		41,463				2,117
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2017	85,580	$ 414	393,478	(262,685)	(23,266)	$ (22,361)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Adjustment to accumulated deficit (see Note 12: Income Taxes)	(11,156)			(11,156)
Net (loss) income	(95,304)			(95,304)
Other comprehensive loss	(150)				(150)
Exercise of stock options or warrants (in shares)		82
Vesting of restricted shares (in shares)		547
Vesting of restricted shares	0	$ 6	(6)
Stock-based compensation expense	7,852		7,852
Exercise of stock options	$ 535	$ 1	534
Share repurchases (in shares)	5,407					3,290
Share repurchases	$ (27,637)					$ (27,637)
Exercise of warrants (in shares)		603
Exercise of warrants	2,911	$ 6	2,905
Expiration of warrants	2,167		2,167
Employee share purchase plan share issuance (in shares)		25
Employee share purchase plan share issuance	127		127
Equity component of 2023 Notes	26,699		26,699
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		42,720				5,407
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 2,780	$ 427	$ 433,756	$ (357,989)	$ (23,416)	$ (49,998)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$ (95,304)	$ 68,271	$ (41,276)
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	7,430	4,883	14,489
Impairment of intangible asset	66,087	0	0
Amortization of premiums on marketable securities	2,823	732	918
Remeasurement of related party acquisition-related contingent consideration	(22,731)	(31,040)	49,285
Remeasurement of related party financing-related contingent consideration	(1,899)	(2,071)	6,548
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs	4,830	0	0
Change in deferred tax and income tax deferred charge	(19,152)	3,556	(4,000)
Stock-based compensation expense	7,852	8,072	14,679
Other adjustments	1,365	(968)	(331)
Net changes in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	3,452	3,054	(10,050)
Inventories	711	(2,899)	1,831
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,577	(3,741)	3,412
Research and development tax credit receivable	(2,545)	(3,141)	397
Accounts payable & other current liabilities	(2,032)	595	(434)
Deferred revenue	(1,892)	(216)	(2,923)
Accrued expenses	(10,640)	13,187	6,764
Accrued income taxes	(341)	(786)	1,778
Earn-out payments for related party contingent consideration in excess of acquisition-date fair value	(19,468)	(31,636)	(20,252)
Royalty payments for related party payable in excess of original fair value	(2,838)	(4,429)	(2,469)
Other assets and liabilities	(2,001)	(4,761)	535
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(82,716)	16,662	18,901
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(178)	(591)	(1,201)
Acquisitions of businesses, including cash acquired and other adjustments	0	0	628
Purchase of intangible assets	(20,000)	(53,111)	0
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	359,507	189,009	71,546
Purchases of marketable securities	(376,310)	(151,005)	(107,603)
Net cash used in investing activities	(36,981)	(15,698)	(36,630)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from debt issuance	143,750	0	0
Payments for debt issuance costs	(6,190)	0	0
Earn-out payments for related party contingent consideration	(645)	(1,246)	(6,892)
Royalty payments for related party payable	0	0	(1,225)
Exercise of warrants	2,911	0	0
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares and warrants	577	404	440
Share repurchases	(27,637)	(22,361)	0
Other financing activities, net	(107)	(115)	(277)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	112,659	(23,318)	(7,954)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(201)	(297)	(166)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(7,239)	(22,651)	(25,849)
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1	16,564	39,215	65,064
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31	9,325	16,564	39,215
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Income tax paid	776	19,143	27,180
Interest paid	$ 3,359	$ 1,050	$ 788

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations. Avadel Pharmaceuticals plc (Nasdaq: AVDL) (“Avadel,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) is a branded specialty pharmaceutical company. Our primarily focus is on the development and potential FDA approval for FT218 which is in a Phase 3 clinical trial for the treatment of narcolepsy patients suffering from excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy. In addition, we market three sterile injectable drugs used in the hospital setting which were developed under our “unapproved marketed drug” (UMD) program. The Company is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland with operations in St. Louis, Missouri and Lyon, France. For more information, please visit www.avadel.com..

Our current marketed products include:


•	Akovaz® (ephedrine sulfate injection, USP), an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent that is indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia


•	Bloxiverz® (neostigmine methylsulfate injection), a cholinesterase inhibitor, is indicated for the reversal of the effects of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) after surgery.


•	Vazculep® (phenylephrine hydrochloride injection), an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension resulting primarily from vasodilation in the setting of anesthesia.

Each of our Akovaz, Bloxiverz and Vazculep products is used primarily in the hospital setting and was developed under our UMD program.

•

Noctiva™, a vasopressin analog indicated for the treatment of nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria in adults who awaken at least two times per night to void. Due to disappointing results after a substantial investment of resources after Noctiva’s commercial launch in March 2018, Avadel Specialty Pharmaceuticals LLC, (“Specialty Pharma”), the Avadel subsidiary responsible for the marketing and sale of Noctiva, made a voluntary filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on February 6, 2019. Although Specialty Pharma currently continues its marketing and sales efforts for this product, Avadel anticipates that Specialty Pharma will discontinue all activities with respect to Noctiva during 2019 as a result of the bankruptcy.

The Company was incorporated in Ireland on December 1, 2015 as a private limited company, and re-registered as an Irish public limited company on November 21, 2016. Our headquarters are in Dublin, Ireland and we have operations in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, and Lyon, France.

The Company is the successor to Flamel Technologies S.A., a French société anonyme (“Flamel”), as the result of the Merger described above, in which Flamel merged with and into the Company at 11:59:59 p.m., Central Europe Time, on December 31, 2016 (the “Merger”) pursuant to the agreement between Flamel and Avadel entitled Common Draft Terms of Cross-Border Merger dated as of June 29, 2016 (the “Merger Agreement”). Immediately prior to the Merger, the Company was a wholly owned subsidiary of Flamel. In accordance with the Merger Agreement, as a result of the Merger:


•	Flamel ceased to exist as a separate entity and the Company continued as the surviving entity and assumed all of the assets and liabilities of Flamel.


•	our authorized share capital is $5,500 divided into 500,000 ordinary shares with a nominal value of $0.01 each and 50,000 preferred shares with a nominal value of $0.01 each


◦	all outstanding ordinary shares of Flamel, €0.122 nominal value per share, were canceled and exchanged on a one-for-one basis for newly issued ordinary shares of the Company, $0.01 nominal value per share. This change in nominal value of our outstanding shares resulted in our reclassifying $5,937 on our balance sheet from ordinary shares to additional paid-in capital

◦

our Board of Directors is authorized to issue preferred shares on a non-pre-emptive basis, for a maximum period of five years, at which point such an authorization may be renewed by shareholders. The Board of Directors has discretion to dictate terms attached to the preferred shares, including voting, dividend, conversion rights, and priority relative to other classes of shares with respect to dividends and upon a liquidation.


•	all outstanding American Depositary Shares (ADSs) representing ordinary shares of Flamel were canceled and exchanged on a one-for-one basis for ADSs representing ordinary shares of the Company.

Thus, the Merger changed the jurisdiction of our incorporation from France to Ireland, and an ordinary share of the Company held (either directly or represented by an ADS) immediately after the Merger continued to represent the same proportional interest in our equity owned by the holder of a share of Flamel immediately prior to the Merger.

Prior to completion of the Merger, the Flamel ADSs were listed on the Nasdaq Global Market (“Nasdaq”) under the trading symbol “FLML”; and immediately after the Merger the Company’s ADSs were listed for and began trading on Nasdaq on January 3, 2017 under the trading symbol “AVDL.”

Further details about the reincorporation, the Merger and the Merger Agreement are contained in our definitive proxy statement filed with the SEC on July 5, 2016.

Under Irish law, the Company can only pay dividends and repurchase shares out of distributable reserves, as discussed further in the Company’s proxy statement filed with the SEC as of July 5, 2016. Upon completion of the Merger, the Company did not have any distributable reserves. On February 15, 2017, the Company filed a petition with the High Court of Ireland seeking the court’s confirmation of a reduction of the Company’s share premium so that it can be treated as distributable reserves for the purposes of Irish law. On March 6, 2017, the High Court issued its order approving the reduction of the Company’s share premium by $317,254 which can be treated as distributable reserves.

Basis of Presentation. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Our results of operations for the period January 1, 2018 through February 16, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 include the results of FSC Therapeutics and FSC Laboratories, Inc., (collectively “FSC”), prior to its February 16, 2018 disposition date. See Note 16: Divestiture of the Pediatric Assets, for additional information. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Revenue. Revenue includes sales of pharmaceutical products, licensing fees, and, if any, milestone payments for research and development (“R&D”) achievements.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” using the modified retrospective transition method applied to all open contracts as at December 31, 2017. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material effect on the overall timing or amount of revenue recognized when compared to prior accounting standards. See Note 3: Revenue Recognition for expanded disclosures related to this new pronouncement.

ASC 606 applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards, such as leases, insurance, collaboration arrangements and financial instruments. Under ASC 606, an entity recognizes revenue when the performance obligations to the customer have been satisfied through the transfer of control of the goods or services. To determine the appropriate revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company believes are within the scope of ASC 606, we perform the following five steps: (i) Identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) Identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) Determine the transaction price; (iv) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company applies the five-step model to contracts only when the Company and its customer’s rights and obligations under the contract can be determined, the contract has commercial substance, and it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. For contracts that are determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company identifies the promised goods or services in the contract to determine if they are separate performance obligations or if they should be bundled with other goods and services into a single performance obligation. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

Product Sales

The Company sells products primarily through wholesalers and considers these wholesalers to be its customers. Revenue from product sales is recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company’s product, which occurs typically upon receipt by the customer. As is customary in the pharmaceutical industry, the Company’s gross product sales are subject to a variety of price adjustments in arriving at reported net product sales. These adjustments include estimates of product returns, chargebacks, payment discounts, rebates, and other sales allowances and are estimated based on analysis of historical data for the product or comparable products, future expectations for such products and other judgments and analysis.

For generic products and branded products where the ultimate net selling price to customer is estimable, the Company recognizes revenues upon delivery to the wholesaler. For new product launches the Company recognizes revenue if sufficient data is available to determine product acceptance in the marketplace such that product returns may be estimated based on historical or analog product data and there is probable evidence of reorders and consideration is made of wholesaler inventory levels. As part of the third quarter 2016 launch of Akovaz, the Company determined that sufficient data was available to determine the ultimate net selling price to the customer and therefore recognized revenue upon delivery to our wholesaler customers.

Prior to the second quarter 2016, the Company did not have sufficient historical or analog product data to estimate certain revenue deductions. As such, we could not accurately estimate the ultimate net selling price of our hospital portfolio of products and as a result delayed revenue recognition until the wholesaler sold the product through to end customers.

During the second quarter of 2016, it was determined that we now had sufficient evidence, history, data and internal controls to estimate the ultimate selling price of our products upon shipment from our warehouse to our customers, the wholesalers. Accordingly, we discontinued the sell-through revenue approach and now recognize revenue once the product is delivered to the wholesaler. As a result of this change in accounting estimate, we recognized $5,981 in additional revenue, or $0.05 per diluted share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 that previously would have been deferred until sold by the wholesalers to the hospitals.

License Revenue

The Company from time to time may enter into out-licensing agreements under which it licenses to third parties certain rights to its products or intellectual property. The terms of these arrangements typically include payment to the Company of one or more of the following: non-refundable, upfront license fees; development, regulatory, and commercial milestone payments; and sales-based royalty payments. Each of these payments results in license revenue.

For a complete discussion of the accounting for net product revenue and license revenues, see Note 3: Revenue Recognition.

Government Grants. The Company receives financial support for various research or investment projects from governmental agencies.

From time to time we receive funds, primarily from the French government, to finance certain R&D projects. These funds are repayable on commercial success of the project. In the absence of commercial success, the Company is released of our obligation to repay the funds and as such the funds are recognized in the consolidated statements of (loss) income as an offset to R&D expense. The absence of commercial success must be formally confirmed by the granting authority. Should the Company wish to discontinue the R&D to which the funding is associated, the granting authority must be informed and a determination made as to how much, if any, of the grant must be repaid.

Research and Development (“R&D”). R&D expenses consist primarily of costs related to clinical studies and outside services, personnel expenses, and other R&D expenses. Clinical studies and outside services costs relate primarily to services performed by clinical research organizations and related clinical or development manufacturing costs, materials and supplies, filing fees, regulatory support, and other third-party fees. Personnel expenses relate primarily to salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation. Other R&D expenses primarily include overhead allocations consisting of various support and facilities-related costs. R&D expenditures are charged to operations as incurred.

The Company recognizes R&D tax credits received from the French government for spending on innovative R&D as an offset of R&D expenses.

Advertising Expenses. We expense the costs of advertising as incurred. Advertising expenses were $17,562, $2,214 and $1,294 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Stock-based Compensation. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation based on the estimated grant-date fair value. The fair value of stock options and warrants is estimated using Black-Scholes option-pricing valuation models (“Black-Scholes model”). As required by the Black-Sholes model, estimates are made of the underlying volatility of AVDL stock, a risk-free rate and an expected term of the option or warrant. We estimated the expected term using a simplified method, as we do not have enough historical exercise data for a majority of such options and warrants upon which to estimate an expected term. The Company recognizes compensation cost, net of an estimated forfeiture rate, using the accelerated method over the requisite service period of the award.

Income Taxes. We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, we determine deferred tax assets and liabilities on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

We recognize deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If we determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

We record uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.

We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated statements of (loss) income. Accrued interest and penalties are included on the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheets.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, cash on deposit and fixed term deposits which are highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than three months.

Marketable Securities. The Company’s marketable securities are considered to be available for sale and are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) in shareholders’ equity, with the exception of unrealized losses believed to be other-than-temporary, if any, which are reported in earnings in the current period. The cost of securities sold is based upon the specific identification method.

Accounts Receivable. Accounts receivable are stated at amounts invoiced net of allowances for doubtful accounts and certain other gross to net variable consideration deductions. The Company makes judgments as to our ability to collect outstanding receivables and provides allowances for the portion of receivables deemed uncollectible. Provision is made based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding invoices. A majority of accounts receivable is due from four significant customers.

Inventories. Inventories consist of raw materials and finished products, which are stated at lower of cost or net realizable value, using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Raw materials used in the production of pre-clinical and clinical products are expensed as R&D costs when consumed. The Company establishes reserves for inventory estimated to be obsolete, unmarketable or slow-moving on a case by case basis.

Property and Equipment. Property and equipment is stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:



Laboratory equipment	4-8 years
Software, office and computer equipment	3 years
Leasehold improvements, furniture, fixtures and fittings	5-10 years

Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the acquisition consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company has determined that we operate in a single segment and has a single reporting unit associated with the development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products. The annual test for goodwill impairment is a two-step process. The first step is a comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If this step indicates impairment, then, in the second step, the loss is measured as the excess of recorded goodwill over the implied fair value of the goodwill. Implied fair value of goodwill is the excess of the fair value of the reporting unit as a whole over the fair value of all separately identified assets and liabilities within the reporting unit. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. During the fourth quarter of 2018, we performed our required annual impairment test of goodwill and have determined that no impairment of goodwill existed at December 31, 2018 or 2017.

Long-Lived Assets. Long-lived assets include fixed assets and intangible assets. Intangible assets consist primarily of purchased licenses and intangible assets recognized as part of the Éclat acquisition. Acquired IPR&D has an indefinite life and is not amortized until completion and development of the project, at which time the IPR&D becomes an amortizable asset, for which amortization of such intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets.

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever conditions indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Such impairment tests are based on a comparison of the pretax undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset to the recorded value of the asset or other market based value approaches. If impairment is indicated, the asset value is written down to its market value if readily determinable or its estimated fair value based on discounted cash flows. Any significant changes in business or market conditions that vary from current expectations could have an impact on the fair value of these assets and any potential associated impairment. During the fourth quarter of 2018, we recorded a $66,087 impairment charge to the entire acquired developed technology related to Noctiva (see Note 9: Goodwill and Intangible Assets). The Company had determined that no impairment existed at December 31, 2017.

Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration. The acquisition-related contingent consideration payables arising from the acquisition of Éclat Pharmaceuticals (i.e., our hospital products) and FSC (our pediatrics products), which was assumed by the buyer as part of the disposition of the pediatrics products on February 16, 2018, are accounted for at fair-value (see Note 11: Long-Term Related Party Payable and Note 16: Divestiture of the Pediatric Assets). The fair value of the warrants issued in connection with the Éclat acquisition were estimated using a Black-Scholes model. A portion of these warrants were exercised on February 23, 2018 and the remaining warrants expired on March 12, 2018. See Note 11: Long-Term Related Party Payable. The fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration payable is estimated using a discounted cash flow model based on the long-term sales or gross profit forecasts of the specified hospital or pediatric products using an appropriate discount rate. There are a number of estimates used when determining the fair value of these earn-out payments. These estimates include, but are not limited to, the long-term pricing environment, market size, market share the related products are forecast to achieve, the cost of goods related to such products and an appropriate discount rate to use when present valuing the related cash flows. These estimates can and often do change based on changes in current market conditions, competition, management judgment and other factors. Changes to these estimates can have and have had a material impact on our consolidated statements of (loss) income and balance sheets. Changes in fair value of these liabilities are recorded in the consolidated statements of (loss) income within operating expenses as changes in fair value of related party contingent consideration.

Financing-related Royalty Agreements. We also entered into two royalty agreements with related parties in connection with certain financing arrangements. We elected the fair value option for the measurement of the financing-related contingent consideration payable associated with the royalty agreements with certain Deerfield and Broadfin entities, both of whom are related parties (see Note 11: Long-Term Related Party Payable). The fair value of financing-related royalty agreements is estimated using the same components used to determine the fair value of the acquisition-related contingent consideration noted above, with the exception of cost of products sold. Changes to these components can also have a material impact on our consolidated statements of (loss) income and balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of this liability are recorded in the consolidated statements of (loss) income as other income (expense) - changes in fair value of related party payable.

Foreign Currency Translation. At December 31, 2018, the reporting currency of the Company and our wholly-owned subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Prior to December 31, 2016, each of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries and the parent entity, Flamel, used the Euro as their functional currency. At December 31, 2016, in conjunction with the Merger described above, Avadel determined the U.S. dollar is our functional currency. Subsidiaries and entities that do not use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency translate 1) profit and loss accounts at the average exchange rates during the reporting period, 2) assets and liabilities at period end exchange rates and 3) shareholders’ equity accounts at historical rates. Resulting translation gains and losses are included as a separate component of shareholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Assets and liabilities, excluding available-for-sale marketable securities, denominated in a currency other than the subsidiary’s functional currency are translated to the subsidiary’s functional currency at period end exchange rates with resulting gains and losses recognized in the consolidated statements of (loss) income.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, including marketable securities and contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the periods presented. These estimates and assumptions are based on the best information available to management at the balance sheet dates and depending on the nature of the estimate can require significant judgments. Changes to these estimates and judgments can have and have had a material impact on our consolidated statements of (loss) income and balance sheets. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Effect of New Accounting Standards	12 Months Ended
Effect of New Accounting Standards	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]
Effect of New Accounting Standards	Effect of New Accounting Standards Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance In March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Costs.” The standard requires the service component of pension and other postretirement benefit expense to be presented in the same statement of income lines as other employee compensation costs, however, the other components will be presented outside of operating income. In addition, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization in assets. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018 and it had an immaterial impact on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” ASU 2016-15 identifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the Statement of Cash Flows under Topic 230. ASU 2016-15 is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. ASU 2016-15 should be applied retrospectively and early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018 and it had an immaterial impact on our consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” which supersedes the most current revenue recognition requirements. This ASU requires entities to recognize revenue in a way that depicts the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Through May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08 “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net),” ASU 2016-10 “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” and ASU 2016-12, “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients,” which provide supplemental adoption guidance and clarification to ASU 2014-09, respectively. The Company adopted this pronouncement under the modified retrospective method of transition in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material effect on the overall timing or amount of revenue recognized when compared to current accounting standards. The impact to the Company of adopting the new revenue standard primarily relates to additional and expanded disclosures. See Note 3: Revenue Recognition. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” The amendments in this update address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The new guidance required the change in fair value of equity investments with readily determinable fair values to be recognized through the statement of income. Upon adoption, the change in the fair value of our available-for-sale equity investments is recognized in our consolidated statement of income (loss) rather than as a component of our consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018 and it had an immaterial impact on our consolidated financial statements. Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework— Changes to the Disclosure Requirement for Fair Value Measurement” which amends certain disclosure requirements over Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in ASU 2018-13 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2018-13. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” This update eliminates step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, and requires the goodwill impairment test to be performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2020. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company will assess the timing of adoption and impact of this guidance to future impairment considerations. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” which supersedes ASC 840 “Leases” and creates a new topic, ASC 842 “Leases.” This update requires lessees to recognize on their balance sheet a lease liability and a lease asset for all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than 12 months. The update also expands the required quantitative and qualitative disclosures surrounding leases. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application permitted. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11 “Targeted Improvements”, amending certain aspects of the new leasing standard. The amendment allows an additional optional transition method whereby an entity records a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings in the year of adoption without restating prior periods, which the Company has elected. On adoption, the Company currently expects to recognize additional operating liabilities of approximately $5,100, with corresponding Right of Use (ROU) assets of approximately the same amount based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments. The new standard also provides practical expedients for a company’s ongoing accounting. We currently expect to elect the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. This means, for those leases that qualify, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities, and this includes not recognizing ROU assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases of those assets in transition. We also currently expect to elect the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all of our leases.

Revenue Recognition (Notes)	12 Months Ended
Revenue Recognition (Notes)	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue primarily from the sale of pharmaceutical products to customers. From time to time the Company also generates revenue from licensing arrangements whereby the Company provides access to certain of its intellectual property. Periods prior to January 1, 2018 Product Sales and Services Revenue is generally realized or realizable and earned when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company recorded revenue from product sales when title and risk of ownership transferred to the customer, which was typically upon delivery to the customer and when the selling price was determinable. Licensing Revenues From time to time, the Company enters into licensing agreements for the license of technology used for developing modified controlled release of oral pharmaceutical products. Non-refundable fees where the Company had continuing performance obligations were deferred and recognized ratably over the projected performance period. Milestone payments, which were typically related to regulatory, commercial or other achievements by the Company or their licensees and distributors, were recognized as revenues when the milestone was accomplished and collection was reasonably assured. Periods commencing January 1, 2018 Product Sales and Services Effective January 1, 2018, the Company implemented ASC 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers. The Company sells products primarily through wholesalers and considers these wholesalers to be its customers. Under ASC 606, revenue from product sales is recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company’s product and the Company’s performance obligations are met, which occurs typically upon receipt of delivery to the customer. As is customary in the pharmaceutical industry, the Company’s gross product sales are subject to a variety of price deductions in arriving at reported net product sales. These adjustments include estimates for product returns, chargebacks, payment discounts, rebates, and other sales allowances and are estimated when the product is delivered based on analysis of historical data for the product or comparable products, as well as future expectations for such products. Reserves to reduce Gross Revenues to Net Revenues Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net selling price, which includes estimated reserves to reduce gross product sales to net product sales resulting from product returns, chargebacks, payment discounts, rebates, and other sales allowances that are offered within contracts between the Company and its customers and end users. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable if the amount is payable to the customer, except in the case of the estimated reserve for future expired product returns, which are classified as a liability. The reserves are classified as a liability if the amount is payable to a party other than a customer. Where appropriate, these estimated reserves take into consideration relevant factors such as the Company’s historical experience, current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect the Company’s best estimates to reduce gross selling price to net selling price to which it expects to be entitled based on the terms of its contracts. The actual selling price ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates, which would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known. Product Returns Consistent with industry practice, the Company maintains a returns policy, that generally offers customers a right of return for product that has been purchased from the Company. The Company estimates the amount of product returns and records this estimate as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. The Company currently estimates product return liabilities based on analysis of historical data for the product or comparable products, as well as future expectations for such products. Chargebacks, Discounts and Rebates Chargebacks, discounts and rebates represent the estimated obligations resulting from contractual commitments to sell products to its customers or end users at prices lower than the list prices charged to our wholesale customers. Customers charge the Company for the difference between the gross selling price they pay for the product and the ultimate contractual price agreed to between the Company and these end users. These reserves are established in the same period that the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and accounts receivable. Chargebacks, discounts and rebates are estimated at the time of sale to the customer. Revenue from licensing arrangements The terms of the Company’s licensing agreements may contain multiple performance obligations, including certain R&D activities. The terms of these arrangements typically include payment to the Company of one or more of the following: non-refundable, up-front license fees; development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments. Each of these payments results in license revenues. License of Intellectual Property If the license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenues from non-refundable, up-front fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue from non-refundable, up-front fees. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition. Disaggregation of revenue The Company’s primary source of revenue is from the sale of pharmaceutical products, which are equally affected by the same economic factors as it relates to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows. For further detail about the Company’s revenues by product, see Note 21: Company Operations by Product, Customer and Geography. Contract Balances The Company does not recognize revenue in advance of invoicing its customers and therefore has no related contract assets. A receivable is recognized in the period the Company sells its products and when the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional. See the consolidated balance sheets for the balance of accounts receivable at December 31, 2018. See below for contract liability discussion and balance related to a license agreement. There were no material deferred contract costs at December 31, 2018. Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligation For product sales, the Company generally satisfies its performance obligations within the same period the product is delivered. Product sales recognized in 2018 from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods were immaterial. For certain licenses of intellectual property, specifically those with performance obligations satisfied over time, the Company allocates a portion of the transaction price to that performance obligation and recognizes revenue using an appropriate measure of progress towards development of the product. In December 2018, the Company reached an agreement to exit a contract and our remaining performance obligations and recognized the remaining $1,600 of deferred revenue, which represented the unsatisfied performance obligations associated with a license agreement. At December 31, 2018, the deferred revenue balance related to this obligation is $0. The Company has elected certain of the practical expedients from the disclosure requirement for remaining performance obligations for specific situations in which an entity need not estimate variable consideration to recognize revenue. Accordingly, the Company applies the practical expedient in ASC 606 to its stand-alone contracts and does not disclose information about variable consideration from remaining performance obligations for which the Company recognizes revenue.

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

The Company is required to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value, either upon initial recognition or for subsequent accounting or reporting. For example, we use fair value extensively when accounting for and reporting certain financial instruments, when measuring certain contingent consideration liabilities and in the initial recognition of net assets acquired in a business combination. Fair value is estimated by applying the hierarchy described below, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures defines fair value as a market-based measurement that should be determined based on the assumptions that marketplace participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. When estimating fair value, depending on the nature and complexity of the asset or liability, we may generally use one or each of the following techniques:


•	Income approach, which is based on the present value of a future stream of net cash flows.


•	Market approach, which is based on market prices and other information from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.

As a basis for considering the assumptions used in these techniques, the standard establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:


•	Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.


•	Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable, or inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means.


•	Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that reflect estimates and assumptions.

The following table summarizes the financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis classified in the fair value hierarchy (Level 1, 2 or 3) based on the inputs used for valuation in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets:



	As of December 31, 2018						As of December 31, 2017
Fair Value Measurements:	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Marketable securities (see Note 5)
Equity securities	$	9,145	$	—	$	—	$	468	$	—	$	—
Money market funds	52,996		—		—		44,481		—		—
Corporate bonds	—		6,339		—		—		9,262		—
Government securities - U.S.	—		12,701		—		—		19,050		—
Other fixed-income securities	—		9,409		—		—		4,250		—
Total assets	$	62,141	$	28,449	$	—	$	44,949	$	32,562	$	—

Related party payable (see Note 11)	—		—		28,840		—		—		98,925
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	28,840	$	—	$	—	$	98,925

A review of fair value hierarchy classifications is conducted on a quarterly basis. Changes in the observability of valuation inputs may result in a reclassification for certain financial assets or liabilities. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, there were no transfers in and out of Level 1, 2, or 3. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment loss.

Some of the Company’s financial instruments, such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable, are reflected in the balance sheet at carrying value, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.

Debt

We estimate the fair value of our $143,750 aggregate principal amount of 4.50% exchangeable senior notes due 2023 (the “2023 Notes”), a Level 2 input, based on interest rates that would be currently available to the Company for issuance of similar types of debt instruments with similar terms and remaining maturities or recent trading prices obtained from brokers. The estimated fair value of the 2023 Notes at December 31, 2018 based on recent trading activity was $81,490 compared to a book value of $115,691.

Additionally, the Company’s other debt is reflected in the balance sheet at carrying value, which approximates fair value, as these represent non-interest bearing grants from the French government and are repayable only if the research project is technically or commercially successful.

See Note 10: Long-Term Debt for additional information regarding our debt obligations.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Marketable Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Marketable Securities

The Company has investments in available-for-sale marketable securities which are recorded at fair market value. Prior to January 1, 2018, unrealized gains and losses on all securities are recorded as other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity, net of income tax effects.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, which requires the change in the fair value of available-for-sale equity investments to be recognized in our consolidated statements of (loss) income rather than as a component of our consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). For the year ended December 31, 2018, the net unrealized loss on our available-for-sale equity investments, recorded as a component of investment income in the accompanying consolidated statements of (loss) income, was $956. The net unrealized gain on our available-for-sale equity investments was immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2017 and $344 for the year ended December 31, 2016. These amounts were recorded as other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity, net of income tax effects for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The following tables show the Company’s available-for-sale securities’ adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively:



	2018
Marketable Securities:	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value

Equity securities	$	10,101	$	—	$	(956	)	$	9,145
Money market funds	52,733		316		(53		)	52,996
Corporate bonds	6,411		7		(79		)	6,339
Government securities - U.S.	12,714		66		(79		)	12,701
Other fixed-income securities	9,400		22		(13		)	9,409
Total	$	91,359	$	411	$	(1,180	)	$	90,590



	2017
Marketable Securities:	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value

Equity securities	$	443	$	31	$	(6	)	$	468
Money market funds	44,525		—		(44		)	44,481
Corporate bonds	9,285		1		(24		)	9,262
Government securities - U.S.	19,080		—		(30		)	19,050
Other fixed-income securities	4,259		—		(9		)	4,250
Total	$	77,592	$	32	$	(113	)	$	77,511

We determine realized gains or losses on the sale of marketable securities on a specific identification method. We recognized gross realized gains of $317, $1,677, and $1,265 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. These realized gains were offset by realized losses of $565, $1,390, and $586 for the twelve-months ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. We reflect these gains and losses as a component of investment income in the accompanying consolidated statements of (loss) income.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of our investments in marketable debt securities, accounted for as available-for-sale securities and classified by the contractual maturity date of the securities as of December 31, 2018:



	Maturities
Marketable Debt Securities:	Less than 1 Year		1-5 Years		5-10 Years		Greater than 10 Years		Total

Corporate bonds	$	1,511	$	4,828	$	—	$	—	$	6,339
Government securities - U.S.	771		11,145		281		504		12,701
Other fixed-income securities	—		9,409		—		—		9,409
Total	$	2,282	$	25,382	$	281	$	504	$	28,449

The Company has classified our investment in available-for-sale marketable securities as current assets in the consolidated balance sheets as the securities need to be available for use, if required, to fund current operations. There are no restrictions on the sale of any securities in our investment portfolio.

Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

The principal categories of inventories, net reserves of $4,757 and $1,039 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are comprised of the following:



Inventory:	2018		2017

Finished goods	$	4,270	$	4,774
Raw materials	500		1,383
Total	$	4,770	$	6,157

Total net reserves increased by $3,718 during the year ended December 31, 2018 driven largely by approximately $2,583 of reserves related to Noctiva inventory.

Property and Equipment, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, net

The principal categories of property and equipment, net at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are as follows:



Property and Equipment, net:	2018			2017

Laboratory equipment	$	8,864		$	10,135
Software, office and computer equipment	2,487			3,115
Furniture, fixtures and fittings	3,715			4,779
Less - accumulated depreciation	(13,155		)	(15,028		)
Total	$	1,911		$	3,001

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $811, $1,224 and $601, respectively.

Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisitions

On February 5, 2016, the Company acquired FSC, a specialty pharmaceutical company dedicated to providing innovative solutions to unmet medical needs for pediatric patients, from Deerfield CSF, LLC, a Deerfield Management company (“Deerfield CSF”), a related party. The Company disposed of these pediatric assets on February 16, 2018. See Note 16: Divestiture of the Pediatric Assets.

This acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, its results were included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition until the date of divestiture. Total consideration to acquire FSC was $21,659, and was funded with a combination of the following, partially offset by $467 as a result of a net working capital settlement from the seller:


•	$15,000 long-term liability to Deerfield CSF. Under the terms of the acquisition agreement, the Company will pay $1,050 annually for five years with a final payment in January 2021 of $15,000.


•	an estimate of $6,659 in contingent consideration to Deerfield CSF. Under the terms of the acquisition agreement, the Company shall pay quarterly a 15% royalty on the net sales of certain FSC products, up to $12,500 for a period not exceeding ten years.

These items were reported in related party payable within the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017, and is further disclosed in Note 11: Long-Term Related Party Payable. These related party payables were disposed of as a part of the February 2018 sale. See Note 16: Divestiture of the Pediatric Assets.

The fair values assigned to the acquired assets and liabilities were recognized as follows:




Assigned Fair Value:	Amount

Accounts receivable	$	142
Inventories	1,135
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,712
Intangible assets:
Acquired product marketing rights	16,600
Acquired developed technology	4,300
Deferred tax assets	853
Other assets	277
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(3,827		)
Total	$	21,192

A portion of the transaction attributable to certain intangible assets was taxable for income tax purposes which resulted in recording some of the assets at fair value for both book and tax purposes. Transaction expenses were not material. The useful lives on FSC acquired intangible assets ranged from nine to fifteen years.

After its acquisition on February 5, 2016, FSC contributed $5,985 to the Company’s net sales for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2016. FSC incurred a loss of $5,839 for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2016.

Had the FSC acquisition been completed as of the beginning of 2016, the Company’s unaudited pro forma net revenue and net loss for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 would have been as follows:



Pro Forma Net Revenue and Income (Loss):	2016

Net revenue	$	150,721
Net loss	(42,290		)

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company’s amortizable and unamortizable intangible assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are as follows:



	2018										2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets:	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Impairment			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount

Amortizable intangible assets:
Acquired developed technology - Noctiva	$	73,111	$	(7,024	)	$	(66,087	)	$	—	$	73,111	$	(1,401	)	$	71,710
Acquired developed technology - Vazculep	12,061		(10,432		)	—			1,629		12,061		(9,616		)	2,445
Acquired product marketing rights ⁽¹⁾	—		—			—			—		16,600		(2,132		)	14,468
Acquired developed technology ⁽¹⁾	—		—			—			—		4,300		(634		)	3,666
Total amortizable intangible assets	$	85,172	$	(17,456	)	$	(66,087	)	$	1,629	$	106,072	$	(13,783	)	$	92,289

Unamortizable intangible assets:
Goodwill	$	18,491	$	—		$	—		$	18,491	$	18,491	$	—		$	18,491
Total unamortizable intangible assets	$	18,491	$	—		$	—		$	18,491	$	18,491	$	—		$	18,491

⁽¹⁾ These intangible assets were purchased by the buyer as part of the disposition of the pediatrics products on February 16, 2018. See Note 16: Divestiture of the Pediatric Assets.

The Company recorded amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets of $6,619, $3,659 and $13,888 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company acquired $73,111 in developed technology as part of the Exclusive License and Assignment Agreement (ELAA) with Serenity Pharmaceuticals, LLC. The aggregate cost was composed of an upfront payment of $50,000, an accrued payment of $20,000 which was paid for Noctiva during the year ended December 31, 2018, and $3,111 of transaction costs. The Company amortizes the developed technology over a 13 year period, which began October 1, 2017. During the fourth quarter 2018, certain conditions came to light, largely the lack of a meaningful increase in Noctiva prescriptions despite the substantial investment of resources, which indicated that the carrying value of the asset, may not be fully recoverable. As such, the Company performed an impairment test based on a comparison of the pretax discounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset, which is a Level 3 fair value estimate, to the recorded value of the asset and concluded that the associated cash flows did not support any of the carrying value of the intangible asset and the Company recorded a full impairment charge of $66,087 at December 31, 2018 related to the acquired developed technology associated with Noctiva. The February 6, 2019 Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing of Specialty Pharma, the subsidiary which markets, sells and distributes Noctiva, confirmed management’s conclusion on the impairment. This impairment charge is included in the line “Impairment of intangible asset” in the consolidated statements of (loss) income.

Amortizable intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which range from three to fifteen years, using the straight-line method. At December 31, 2018, total future amortization of intangible assets for the next five years is as follows:



Estimated Amortization Expense:	Amount

2019	$	815
2020	814
2021	—
2022	—
2023	—

Long-Term Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Long-Term debt is summarized as follows:



	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Principal amount of 4.50% exchangeable senior notes due 2023	$	143,750		$	—
Less: unamortized debt discount and issuance costs, net	(28,059		)	—
Net carrying amount of liability component	115,691			—
Other debt	149			267
Subtotal	115,840			267
Less: current maturities	(106		)	(111		)
Long-term debt	$	115,734		$	156

Equity component:
Equity component of exchangeable notes, net of issuance costs	$	(26,699	)	$	—

Issuance of Debt Securities

On February 16, 2018, Avadel Finance Cayman Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company (the “Issuer”) and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, issued $125,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.50% exchangeable senior notes due 2023 (the “2023 Notes”) in a private placement (the “Offering”) to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. In connection with the Offering, the Issuer granted the initial purchasers of the 2023 Notes a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional $18,750 aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes, which was fully exercised on February 16, 2018. Net proceeds received by the Company, after issuance costs and discounts, were approximately $137,560.

The Company pays 4.50% cash interest per year on the principal amount of the 2023 Notes, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on August 1, 2018, to holders of record at the close of business on the preceding January 15 or July 15, respectively. Interest accrues on the principal amount of the 2023 Notes from and including the date the 2023 Notes were issued or from, and including, the last date in respect of which interest has been paid or provided for, as the case may be, to, but excluding, the next interest payment date. The 2023 Notes are general, unsecured obligations of the Issuer, and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company on a senior unsecured basis. There are no financial debt covenants associated with the 2023 Notes.

The 2023 Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company’s existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and effectively junior to any of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness.

The 2023 Notes will be exchangeable at the option of the holders at an initial exchange rate of 92.6956 ADSs per $1 principal amount of 2023 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial exchange price of approximately $10.79 per ADS. Such initial exchange price represents a premium of approximately 20% to the $8.99 per ADS closing price on The Nasdaq Global Market on February 13, 2018. Upon the exchange of any 2023 Notes, the Issuer will pay or cause to be delivered, as the case may be, cash, ADSs or a combination of cash and ADSs, at the Issuer’s election. Holders of the 2023 Notes may convert their 2023 Notes, at their option, only under the following circumstances prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding August 1, 2022, under the circumstances and during the periods set forth below and regardless of the conditions described below, on or after August 1, 2022 and prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date:

•

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding August 1, 2022, a holder of the 2023 Notes may surrender all or any portion of its 2023 Notes for exchange at any time during the five business day period immediately after any five consecutive trading day period (the “Measurement Period”) in which the trading price per $1 principal amount of 2023 Notes, as determined following a request by a holder of the 2023 Notes, for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the ADSs and the exchange rate on each such trading day.

•

If a transaction or event that constitutes a fundamental change or a make-whole fundamental change occurs prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding August 1, 2022, regardless of whether a holder of the 2023 Notes has the right to require the Company to repurchase the 2023 Notes, or if Avadel is a party to a merger event that occurs prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding August 1, 2022, all or any portion of a the holder’s 2023 Notes may be surrendered for exchange at any time from or after the date that is 95 scheduled trading days prior to the anticipated effective date of the transaction (or, if later, the earlier of (x) the business day after the Company gives notice of such transaction and (y) the actual effective date of such transaction) until 35 trading days after the actual effective date of such transaction or, if such transaction also constitutes a fundamental change, until the related fundamental change repurchase date.

•

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding August 1, 2022, a holder of the 2023 Notes may surrender all or any portion of its 2023 Notes for exchange at any time during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2018 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the ADSs for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the exchange price on each applicable trading day.

•

If the Company calls the 2023 Notes for redemption pursuant to Article 16 to the Indenture prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding August 1, 2022, then a holder of the 2023 Notes may surrender all or any portion of its 2023 Notes for exchange at any time prior to the close of business on the second business day prior to the redemption date, even if the 2023 Notes are not otherwise exchangeable at such time. After that time, the right to exchange shall expire, unless the Company defaults in the payment of the redemption price, in which case a holder of the 2023 Notes may exchange its 2023 Notes until the redemption price has been paid or duly provided for.

The Company considered the guidance in ASC 815-15, Embedded Derivatives, to determine if this instrument contains an embedded feature that should be separately accounted for as a derivative. ASC 815 provides for an exception to this rule when convertible notes, as host instruments, are deemed to be conventional, as defined by ASC 815-40. The Company determined that this exception applies due, in part, to our ability to settle the 2023 Notes in cash, ADSs or a combination of cash and ADSs, at our option. The Company has therefore applied the guidance provided by ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options which requires that the 2023 Notes be separated into debt and equity components at issuance and a value be assigned to each. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The allocation was performed in a manner that reflected our non-convertible debt borrowing rate for similar debt. The equity component of the 2023 Notes was recognized as a debt discount and represents the difference between the proceeds from the issuance of the 2023 Notes and the fair value of the liability of the 2023 Notes on its issuance date. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount (the “Debt Discount”) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 2023 Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

In connection with the issuance of the 2023 Notes, we incurred approximately $6,190 of debt issuance costs, which primarily consisted of underwriting, legal and other professional fees, and allocated these costs to the liability and equity components based on the allocation of the proceeds. Of the total $6,190 of debt issuance costs, $1,201 were allocated to the equity component and recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital and $4,989 were allocated to the liability component and recorded as a reduction to debt on our consolidated balance sheets. The portion allocated to the liability component is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the same five-year term as the related 2023 Notes.

Other Debt

French government agencies provide financing to French companies for R&D. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had outstanding loans of $149 and $267, respectively for various programs. These loans do not bear interest and are repayable only in the event the research project is technically or commercially successful. Potential repayment is scheduled to occur through 2019.

During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company repaid $193, $115 and $277, of loans associated with specific research projects, respectively. In addition, during 2017, the Company received a waiver of repayment for the remaining portion of certain loans of $539, on the basis of limited commercial and technical success. Amounts waived are reported as reductions to R&D expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of (loss) income. No such waivers were received during 2018 or 2016.

Long-Term Related Party Payable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Related Party Payable

Long-term related party payable and related activity are reported at fair value and consist of the following at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively:



				Activity during the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2018
							Changes in Fair Value of Related Party Payable
	Balance, December 31, 2017			Payments to Related Parties			Operating (Gain) Expense			Other Income			Expiration of Warrants			Disposal			Balance, December 31, 2018

Acquisition-related contingent consideration:
Warrants - Éclat Pharmaceuticals ^(a)	$	2,479		$	—		$	(312	)	$	—		$	(2,167	)	$	—		$	—
Earn-out payments - Éclat Pharmaceuticals ^(b)	67,744			(19,468		)	(22,661		)	—			—			—			25,615
Royalty agreement - FSC ^(c)	5,740			(645		)	242			—			—			(5,337		)	—
Financing-related:
Royalty agreement - Deerfield ^(d)	5,392			(1,922		)	—			(1,286		)	—			—			2,184
Royalty agreement - Broadfin ^(e)	2,570			(916		)	—			(613		)	—			—			1,041
Long-term liability - FSC ^(f)	15,000			—			—			—			—			(15,000		)	—
Total related party payable	98,925			$	(22,951	)	$	(22,731	)	$	(1,899	)	$	(2,167	)	$	(20,337	)	28,840
Less: Current portion	(25,007		)																(9,439		)
Total long-term related party payable	$	73,918																	$	19,401

Each of the above items is associated with related parties as further described in Note 22: Related Party Transactions.

(a)

As part of the consideration for the Company’s acquisition of Éclat Pharmaceuticals, LLC on March 13, 2012, the Company issued two warrants to a related party with a six-year term which allow for the purchase of a combined total of 3,300 ordinary shares of Avadel. One warrant was exercisable for 2,200 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $7.44 per share, and the other warrant was exercisable for 1,100 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $11.00 per share. On February 23, 2018, the related party exercised in full the warrant for 2,200 ordinary shares. On March 12, 2018, the remaining warrant for 1,100 ordinary shares expired worthless.

The fair value of the warrants was estimated on a quarterly basis using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions as of December 31:



Assumptions for the Warrant Valuation:	2017

Stock price	$	8.20
Weighted average exercise price per share	8.63
Expected term (years)	0.25
Expected volatility	37.90		%
Risk-free interest rate	1.39		%
Expected dividend yield	—

These Black-Scholes fair value measurements are based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represent a level 3 measurement as defined in ASC 820. The fair value of the warrant consideration is most sensitive to movement in the Company’s share price and expected volatility at the balance sheet date.

Expected term: The expected term of the options or warrants represents the period of time between the grant date and the time the options or warrants are either exercised or forfeited, including an estimate of future forfeitures for outstanding options or warrants. Given the limited historical data and the grant of stock options and warrants to a limited population, the simplified method has been used to calculate the expected life.

Expected volatility: The expected volatility is calculated based on an average of the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price.

Risk-free interest rate: The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant and a maturity that approximates the expected term.

Expected dividend yield: The Company has not distributed any dividends since our inception and has no plan to distribute dividends in the foreseeable future.

At the closing date of the 2012 Éclat acquisition and at December 31, 2017, it was uncertain whether the Company would ultimately fulfill its obligation under these warrants using ordinary shares or cash. Accordingly, pursuant to the guidance of ASC 480, the Company determined that these warrants should be classified as a liability. This classification as a liability was further supported by the Company’s determination, pursuant to the guidance of ASC 815-40-15-7(i), that these warrants could also not be considered as being indexed to the Company’s own ordinary shares, on the basis that the exercise price for the warrants is determined in U.S. dollars, although the functional currency of the Company at the closing date of the Éclat acquisition was the Euro.

(b)

In March 2012, the Company acquired all of the membership interests of Éclat from Breaking Stick Holdings, L.L.C. (“Breaking Stick”, formerly Éclat Holdings), an affiliate of Deerfield. Breaking Stick is majority owned by Deerfield, with a minority interest owned by certain current and former employees. As part of the consideration, the Company committed to provide quarterly earn-out payments equal to 20% of any gross profit generated by certain Éclat products. These payments will continue in perpetuity, to the extent gross profit of the related products also continue in perpetuity.

(c)

In February 2016, the Company acquired all of the membership interests of FSC from Deerfield. The consideration for this transaction in part included a commitment to pay quarterly a 15% royalty on the net sales of certain FSC products, up to $12,500 for a period not exceeding ten years. This obligation was assumed by the buyer as part of the disposition of the pediatrics products on February 16, 2018. See Note 16: Divestiture of the Pediatric Assets.

(d)

As part of a February 2013 debt financing transaction conducted with Deerfield, the Company received cash of $2,600 in exchange for entering into a royalty agreement whereby the Company shall pay quarterly a 1.75% royalty on the net sales of certain Éclat products until December 31, 2024. In connection with such debt financing transaction, the Company granted Deerfield a security interest in the product registration rights of the Eclat products.


(e)	As part of a December 2013 debt financing transaction conducted with Broadfin Healthcare Master Fund, a related party and current shareholder, the Company received cash of $2,200 in exchange for entering into a royalty agreement whereby the Company shall pay quarterly a 0.834% royalty on the net sales of certain Éclat products until December 31, 2024.

(f)

In February 2016, the Company acquired all of the membership interests of FSC from Deerfield. The consideration for this transaction in part consisted of payments totaling $1,050 annually for five years with a final payment in January 2021 of $15,000. Substantially all of FSC’s, and its subsidiaries, assets were pledged as collateral under this agreement. This obligation was assumed by the buyer as part of the disposition of the pediatrics products on February 16, 2018. See Note 16: Divestiture of the Pediatric Assets.

At December 31, 2018, the fair value of each related party payable listed in (b), (d) and (e) above was estimated using a discounted cash flow model based on estimated and projected annual net revenues or gross profit, as appropriate, of each of the specified Éclat products using an appropriate risk-adjusted discount rate of 15%. These fair value measurements are based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represent a level 3 measurement as defined in ASC 820. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the acquisition-related related party payables, resulting primarily from management’s revision of key assumptions, will be recorded in the consolidated statements of (loss) income in the line items entitled “Changes in fair value of related party contingent consideration” for items noted in (b) above and in “Other expense - changes in fair value of related party payable” for items (d) and (e) above. See Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies under the caption Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration and Financing-related Royalty Agreements for more information on key assumptions used to determine the fair value of these liabilities.

The Company has chosen to make a fair value election pursuant to ASC 825, “Financial Instruments” for its royalty agreements detailed in items (d) and (e) above. These financing-related liabilities are recorded at fair market value on the consolidated balance sheets and the periodic change in fair market value is recorded as a component of “Other expense – changes in fair value of related party payable” on the consolidated statements of (loss) income.

The following table summarizes changes to the related party payables, a recurring Level 3 measurement, for the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:



Related Party Payable:	Balance

Balance at December 31, 2015	$	122,693
Additions ⁽²⁾	21,659
Payments of related party payable	(30,838		)
Fair value adjustments ⁽¹⁾	55,833
Balance at December 31, 2016	169,347
Payments of related party payable	(37,311		)
Fair value adjustments ⁽¹⁾	(33,111		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	98,925
Payments of related party payable	(22,951		)
Fair value adjustments ⁽¹⁾	(24,630		)
Expiration of warrants	(2,167		)
Disposition of the pediatrics assets	(20,337		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	28,840

⁽¹⁾Fair value adjustments are reported as “(Gain) loss - changes in fair value of related party contingent consideration” and “Other income (expense) - changes in fair value of related party payable” in the consolidated statements of (loss) income.

⁽²⁾Relates to the acquisition of FSC. See items (c) and (f) above.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

The components of (loss) income before income taxes for the years ended twelve months ended December 31, are as follows:



(Loss) Income Before Income Taxes:	2018			2017			2016

Ireland	$	(42,604	)	$	(3,123	)	$	(22,866	)
United States	(70,340		)	92,754			32,786
France	(253		)	3,029			(19,638		)
Total (loss) income before income taxes	$	(113,197	)	$	92,660		$	(9,718	)

The income tax provision consists of the following for the years ended December 31:



Income Tax (Benefit) Provision:	2018			2017		2016

Current:
United States - Federal	$	—		$	18,064	$	30,738
United States - State	330			331		1,081
France	—			265		5,267
Total current	330			18,660		37,086

Deferred:
United States - Federal	(19,503		)	4,686		(6,443		)
United States - State	1,280			1,043		(23		)
France	—			—		938
Total deferred	(18,223		)	5,729		(5,528		)

Income tax (benefit) provision	$	(17,893	)	$	24,389	$	31,558

The reconciliation between Domestic income taxes at the statutory rate and the Company’s (benefit) provision for income taxes is as follows for the years ended December 31:



Reconciliation to Effective Income Tax Rate:	2018			2017			2016

Statutory tax rate	12.5		%	12.5		%	12.5		%
Differences in international tax rates	8.0		%	22.2		%	(31.9		)%
Nondeductible changes in fair value of contingent consideration	4.0		%	(11.6		)%	(165.0		)%
Income tax deferred charge	—		%	—		%	(9.7		)%
Change in valuation allowances	(5.3		)%	(0.7		)%	11.8		%
Nondeductible stock-based compensation	(1.3		)%	(0.4		)%	(14.8		)%
Cross border merger	—		%	0.3		%	(100.6		)%
Unrealized tax benefits	(1.3		)%	1.4		%	(15.2		)%
State and local taxes (net of federal)	(0.3		)%	0.3		%	(9.6		)%
Change in U.S. tax law	(0.2		)%	3.8		%	—		%
Nondeductible interest expense	(1.1		)%	—		%	—		%
Other	0.7		%	(1.5		)%	(2.3		)%
Effective income tax rate	15.7		%	26.3		%	(324.8		)%

Income tax (benefit) provision - at statutory tax rate	$	(14,149	)	$	11,582		$	(1,215	)
Differences in international tax rates	(9,039		)	20,557			3,097
Nondeductible changes in fair value of contingent consideration	(4,559		)	(10,779		)	16,036
Income tax deferred charge	—			—			938
Change in valuation allowances	5,998			(610		)	(1,143		)
Nondeductible stock-based compensation	1,499			(375		)	1,436
Cross-border merger	—			265			9,773
Unrecognized tax benefits	1,440			1,296			1,475
State and local taxes (net of federal)	299			252			934
Change in U.S. tax law	274			3,513			—
Nondeductible interest expense	1,269			—			—
Other	(925		)	(1,312		)	227
Income tax (benefit) provision - at effective income tax rate	$	(17,893	)	$	24,389		$	31,558

In 2018, the income tax provision decreased by $42,282 when compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease in the income tax provision was primarily driven by a significant reduction in the amount of taxable income recorded in the U.S. and Ireland in 2018, when compared to 2017. There was also a significant increase in valuation allowance in 2018, when compared to the same period in 2017 as a result of the decrease in taxable income in Ireland. In 2018, there was a significant decrease in amounts related to change in U.S. tax law due to the 2017 U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

In 2017, the income tax provision decreased by $7,169 when compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease in the income tax provision was primarily driven by a significant reduction in the amount of taxable income recorded in the U.S. in 2017, when compared to 2016. In 2017, the Company did not incur any significant additional income tax provision associated with the Cross-Border Merger as a majority of the transaction was completed in 2016. In 2017, the Company recorded $3,513 of tax provision associated with the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act signed into law in the U.S. in December of 2017.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in Ireland, France, U.S. and various states. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to Irish, French, U.S. Federal, and state and local examinations for years before 2014. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) commenced an examination of the Company's U.S. income tax return for 2015 in the 4th quarter of 2016. The French tax authority commenced an examination of the Company's French tax return for 2017 in the first quarter of 2019.

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the twelve months ended December 31:



Unrecognized Tax Benefit Activity	2018		2017		2016

Balance at January 1:	$	3,954	$	1,686	$	448
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	1,087		2,268		1,578
Increases (decreases) for tax positions of prior years	274		—		(340		)
Balance at December 31:	$	5,315	$	3,954	$	1,686

The Company does not expect within the next twelve months, as a result of activities performed in various jurisdictions, that the unrecognized tax benefits will change. However, interest and penalties could change by up to $500.

At December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, there are $4,597, $3,349, and $1,565 of unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would affect the annual effective tax rate.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized approximately $725, $304, and $26 in interest and penalties. The Company had approximately $1,057, and $331 for the payment of interest and penalties accrued at December 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities)

Deferred income tax provisions reflect the effect of temporary differences between consolidated financial statement and tax reporting of income and expense items. The net deferred tax assets/liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017 resulted from the following temporary differences:



Net Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities:	2018			2017

Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	19,510		$	9,831
Amortization	20,642			7,563
Stock based compensation	4,587			4,375
Fair value royalty agreements	—			635
Fair value contingent consideration	384			870
Other	479			406
Gross deferred tax assets	45,602			23,680

Deferred tax liabilities:
Amortization	(308		)	(2,419		)
Accounts receivable	(661		)	(936		)
Prepaid expenses	(405		)	(1,094		)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(1,374		)	(4,449		)

Less: valuation allowances	(21,199		)	(15,354		)

Net deferred tax assets	$	23,029		$	3,877

At December 31, 2018, the Company had $72,453 of net operating losses in Ireland and $3,259 of net operating losses in France that do not have an expiration date and $25,840 of net operating losses and carryforwards in the U.S. Of the $25,840 of net operating losses and carryforwards in the U.S., $10,365 were acquired due to the acquisition of FSC in 2016 and $15,475 is due to the losses and carryforwards generated at U.S. Holdings in 2018. The portion due to the acquisition of FSC will expire in 2034 through 2035. A valuation allowance is recorded if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. This assessment is based on an evaluation of the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income. While the Company believes it is more likely than not that it will be able to realize the deferred tax assets in the U.S., the Company continues to monitor changes in the U.S. hospital products market as unfavorable changes could ultimately impact our assessment of the realizability of our U.S. deferred tax assets. The U.S. net operating losses are subject to an annual limitation as a result of the FSC acquisition under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 and may not be fully utilized before they expire.

We recorded a valuation allowance against all of our net operating losses in Ireland and France as of both December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017. We intend to continue maintaining a full valuation allowance on the Irish and French net operating losses until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances.

At December 31, 2018, the Company has unremitted earnings of $2,798 outside of Ireland as measured on a U.S. GAAP basis. Whereas the measure of earnings for purposes of taxation of a distribution may be different for tax purposes, these earnings, which are considered to be invested indefinitely, would become subject to income tax if they were remitted as dividends or if the Company were to sell our stock in the subsidiaries, net of any prior income taxes paid. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of deferred tax liability on such earnings, if any.

Research and Development Tax Credits Receivable

The French and Irish governments provide tax credits to companies for spending on innovative R&D. These credits are recorded as an offset of R&D expenses and are credited against income taxes payable in years after being incurred or, if not so utilized, are recoverable in cash after a specified period of time, which may differ depending on the tax credit regime. As of December 31, 2018, the Company’s research tax credit receivable, net amounts to $7,555 and represents a French gross research tax credit of $6,922 and an Irish gross research tax credit of $633. As of December 31, 2017, the Company’s net research tax credit receivable amounted to $5,272 and represented a French gross research tax credit of $4,754 and an Irish gross research tax credit of $518.

Income Tax Deferred Charge

On December 16, 2014, we transferred all of our intangible intellectual property from our French entity to our Irish entity as part of a global reorganization. The intellectual property includes patents on drug delivery platforms, clinical data sets and other intangible assets related to the pipeline of proprietary products in development. This intra-entity transaction resulted in a charge of $14,088 of related taxes to the French government in December 2014. As this represents an intra-entity transaction, no deferred tax asset was originally recognized, but rather was recorded as $986 of prepaid expenses and $13,102 of a long-term income tax deferred charge asset in accordance with ASC 740-10-25-3 (e). This income tax deferred charge asset is amortized over the tax life of the asset at a rate of 7% per year and will result in tax relief in Ireland of $8,500 from 2016 to 2029, subject to the ability to realize tax benefits for additional deductions. At December 31, 2016, the balance of these respective accounts was classified as prepaid expenses of $814 and income tax deferred charge asset of $10,342. In 2017, the Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-16, related to Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. Adoption of ASU 2016-16 eliminated the $11,156 income tax deferred charge recorded within the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016. In addition to the elimination of the income tax deferred charge, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset of $7,954 related to the remaining unamortized tax basis of the intangible intellectual property. A full valuation allowance was recorded against the deferred tax asset as sufficient evidence does not exist at this time that the Company will be able to utilize these benefits.

Cross-Border Merger

In 2016, we changed our jurisdiction of incorporation from France to Ireland by merging with and into our wholly owned Irish subsidiary. Information about the reincorporation was included in the definitive proxy statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 5, 2016. Prior to the merger, the Company submitted a request to the French tax authorities seeking to benefit from a special regime for mergers and demergers, conditional upon a formal consent of the French tax authority, which would allow for the deferral of a portion of the tax cost of the cross-border merger. In 2017, the Company received a letter from the French tax authorities indicating that our request to benefit from the special regime had been declined. Completion of the cross-border merger resulted in the recognition of a net income tax provision of $4,266, after considering tax benefits from the utilization of current and prior year French net operating losses. The Company was able to utilize $4,266 of French research and development tax credits to offset the remaining cost of the transaction. The Company also removed $111,495 of French net operating losses as the carryforward of these losses was contingent on receiving favorable consent from the French tax authority. The French net operating losses had a full valuation allowance, resulting in no impact to the income tax provision from their removal.

2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act includes significant changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system including: a federal corporate rate reduction from 35% to 21%; limitations on the deductibility of interest expense and executive compensation; creation of the base erosion anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”) and a new minimum tax. As a result of the Act being signed into law, the Company recognized a charge of $274 and $3,513 in 2018 and 2017, respectively, related to the re-measurement of its U.S. net deferred tax assets and certain unrecognized tax benefits at the lower enacted corporate tax rates. A majority of the provisions in the Tax Act are effective January 1, 2018.

Post-Retirement Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Post-Retirement Benefits Plans

Post-Retirement Benefit Plans

Post-Retirement Benefit Contributions to French Government Agencies

The Company is required by French law for our French employees to deduct specific monthly payroll amounts to support post-retirement benefit programs sponsored by the relevant government agencies in France. As the ultimate obligation is maintained by the French government agencies, there is no additional liability recorded by the Company in connection with these plans. (Income) expenses recognized for these plans were $(69) in 2018, $123 in 2017, and $348 in 2016. The 2018 and 2017 pension expense does not include the retirement indemnity curtailment gains of $148 and $717, respectively, which was associated with the reduction of certain defined benefit retirement plan liabilities due to the reduction in force. See Note 17: Restructuring Costs - France for more discussion.

Retirement Indemnity Obligation – France

French law requires the Company to provide for the payment of a lump sum retirement indemnity to French employees based upon years of service and compensation at retirement. The retirement indemnity has been actuarially calculated on the assumption of voluntary retirement at a government-defined retirement age. Benefits do not vest prior to retirement. Any actuarial gains or losses are recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of (loss) income in the periods in which they occur.

The benefit obligation is calculated as the present value of estimated future benefits to be paid, using the following assumptions for the years ended December 31:



Retirement Benefit Obligation Assumptions:	2018		2017		2016

Compensation rate increase	2.75	%	3.00	%	3.00	%
Discount rate	1.50	%	1.25	%	1.31	%
Employee turn-over	Actuarial standard and average of the last 5 years
Average age of retirement	60 to 65 years actuarial standard based on age and professional status

Certain actuarial assumptions, such as discount rate, have a significant effect on the amounts reported for net periodic benefit cost and accrued retirement indemnity benefit obligation amounts. The discount rate is determined annually by benchmarking a published long-term bond index using the iBoxx € Corporates AA 10+ index.

Changes in the funded status of the retirement indemnity benefit plans were as follows for the years ended December 31:



Retirement Benefit Obligation Activity:	2018			2017

Retirement indemnity benefit obligation, beginning of year	$	1,303		$	2,431
Service cost	93			132
Interest cost	17			21
Plan amendment	—			(829		)
Benefits paid	(12		)	—
Curtailment gain	(148		)	(717		)
Actuarial loss	(178		)	(25		)
Exchange rate changes	(51		)	290
Retirement indemnity benefit obligation, end of year	$	1,024		$	1,303

The lump sum retirement indemnity is accrued on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets within non-current other liabilities, excluding the current portion. As these are not funded benefit plans, there are no respective assets recorded.

The future expected benefits to be paid over the next five years and for the five years thereafter is as follows for the years ended December 31:



Future Retirement Indemnity Benefit Obligation:	Balance

2019	$	—
2020	—
2021	—
2022	17
2023	—
Next five years	158
Total	$	175

Other Assets and Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Assets and Liabilities

Various other assets and liabilities are summarized for the years ended December 31, as follows:



Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets:	2018		2017

Valued-added tax recoverable	$	1,378	$	1,206
Prepaid and other expenses	2,145		7,106
Guarantee from Armistice (see Note 16)	534		—
Income tax receivable	921		518
Research and development tax credit receivable	283		—
Short-term deposit	3,350		—
Other	225		128
Total	$	8,836	$	8,958



Other Non-Current Assets:	2018		2017

Deferred tax assets	$	23,029	$	3,877
Long-term deposits	1,477		3,350
Guarantee from Armistice (see Note 16)	5,697		—
Right of use assets at contract manufacturing organizations	5,894		2,909
Other	49		113
Total	$	36,146	$	10,249



Accrued Expenses:	2018		2017

Accrued compensation	$	3,971	$	3,157
Accrued social charges	1,009		1,204
Accrued restructuring (see Note 17)	879		1,000
Customer allowances	6,541		10,613
Accrued ELAA payment	—		20,000
Accrued contract research organization charges	1,000		156
Accrued contract manufacturing organization costs	2,028		2,327
Accrued contract sales organization and marketing costs	3,469		7,641
Other	2,798		4,828
Total	$	21,695	$	50,926



Other Non-Current Liabilities:	2018		2017

Provision for retirement indemnity	$	1,024	$	1,303
Customer allowances	1,352		1,636
Unrecognized tax benefits	5,315		3,954
Guarantee to Deerfield (see Note 16)	5,717		—
Other	594		191
Total	$	14,002	$	7,084

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

Litigation

The Company is subject to potential liabilities generally incidental to our business arising out of present and future lawsuits and claims related to product liability, personal injury, contract, commercial, intellectual property, tax, employment, compliance and other matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues for potential liabilities when it is probable that future costs (including legal fees and expenses) will be incurred and such costs can be reasonably estimated. At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no contingent liabilities with respect to any litigation, arbitration or administrative or other proceeding that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.

Some of the patents covering our Noctiva^TM product (the “Noctiva Patents”) are the subject of litigation initiated by Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc. and two of its foreign affiliates, who manufacture a competing product known as Nocdurna. Nocdurna was approved by the FDA in June 2018 and commercially launched in the U.S. in November 2018. In this litigation (the “Ferring Litigation”), Ferring seeks to invalidate and disputes the inventorship of the Noctiva Patents, seeks damages for various alleged breaches of contractual and common law duties, and seeks damages for alleged infringement by Noctiva^TM of Ferring’s “Nocdurna” trademark. Avadel’s indirectly wholly owned subsidiary, Specialty Pharma and certain other parties including Serenity Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Serentiy”) (the licensor of the Noctiva Patents) have been actively defending this litigation, and have made certain counterclaims against Ferring, including for infringement of the Noctiva Patents and a declaratory judgment of noninfringement with respect to Ferring’s “Nocdurna” trademark. The court has dismissed Ferring’s inventorship claim and its claims for alleged breaches of contractual and common law duties, although these dismissals may be appealed by Ferring. On February 15, 2019, Specialty Pharma and its co-defendants moved to stay the litigation pending completion of the bankruptcy proceeding of Specialty Pharma. Adverse outcomes from this litigation could have material adverse effects on the value of the Specialty Pharma’s license to Noctiva^TM.

On January 21, 2019, Serenity provided notice to Specialty Pharma of an alleged breach of the parties’ Noctiva license agreement. Serenity alleges principally that Specialty Pharma breached its contractual obligation to devote commercially reasonable efforts to the commercialization of Noctiva and seeks unspecified damages. On January 27, 2019, Specialty Pharma notified Serenity of a claim for $1.7 million in damages as a result of Serenity’s breach of its contractual obligation to pay the costs of the Ferring Litigation. Serenity’s notice to Specialty Pharma invoked the dispute resolution provisions of the Noctiva license agreement, which culminate in arbitration, but neither party has yet initiated an arbitration proceeding or filed suit. Adverse outcomes from this potential litigation could have material adverse effects on the financial position of Specialty Pharma.

On February 6, 2019, Specialty Pharma commenced a Chapter 11 bankruptcy case under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code to fulfill its strategic objective of divesting from the business of marketing and distributing Noctiva™. As a result of the commencement of the bankruptcy case, all pending litigation against Specialty Pharma is automatically stayed and will remain stayed during the pendency of the Chapter 11 case unless and until the bankruptcy court enters an order modifying or lifting the stay. The automatic stay of the bankruptcy code also precludes the commencement of any new litigation against Specialty Pharma unless the bankruptcy court orders otherwise. See Part I, Item 3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more discussion.

Material Commitments

At December 31, 2018, the Company has various commitments to purchase finished product from customers. Commitments for these arrangements, at maximum quantities and at contractual prices over the remaining life of the contract, and excluding any waived commitments, are as follows for the years ended December 31:



Purchase Commitments:	Balance

2019	$	10,754
2020	5,948
2021	4,880
2022	4,880
2023	220
Thereafter	—
Total	$	26,682

The Company also has a commitment with a contract manufacturer related to the construction and preparation of a production suite at the contract manufacturer’s facility, which is substantially complete at December 31, 2018. Subsequent to the initial build and preparation of the production suite, this commitment also includes annual production suite fees of approximately $3,000 to $4,000 which would commence at the time of FDA approval of the product and continue thereafter for five years. These amounts are not included in the table above, as the start date has not been determined.

Included in the purchase commitments above, is approximately $15,308 of an obligation of Specialty Pharma, which on February 6, 2019, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company paid $9,965 related to the above purchase commitments.

The Company and our subsidiaries lease office facilities under noncancelable operating leases expiring at various dates. Rent expense, net of rental income, was $1,213, $1,146 and $970 in 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Minimum rental commitments for non-cancelable leases in effect at December 31, 2018 are as follows:



Lease Commitment:	Balance

2019	$	1,191
2020	1,208
2021	1,008
2022	767
2023	695
Thereafter	967
Total	$	5,836

Other than the above commitments, there were no other material commitments outside of the normal course of business. Material commitments in the normal course of business include long-term debt, long-term related party payable, and post-retirement benefit plan obligations which are disclosed in Note 10: Long-Term Debt, Note 11: Long-Term Related Party Payable, and Note 13: Post-Retirement Benefit Plans, respectively.

Contractual Obligations

The following table presents contractual obligations of the Company at December 31, 2018:



	Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations:	Total		Less than 1 Year		1 to 3 Years		3 to 5 Years		More than 5 Years

Long-term debt and interest	$	173,009	$	6,575	$	12,981	$	153,453	$	—
Long-term related party payable (undiscounted)	51,284		9,439		8,713		7,250		25,882
Purchase commitments	26,682		10,754		10,828		5,100		—
Operating leases	5,836		1,191		2,217		1,461		967
Total contractual cash obligations	$	256,811	$	27,959	$	34,739	$	167,264	$	26,849

Included in the purchase commitments total above, is approximately $15,308 of an obligation of Specialty Pharma, which on February 6, 2019, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.

Divestiture of the Pediatric Assets (Notes)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Divestiture of the Pediatric Assets

On February 12, 2018, the Company, together with its subsidiaries Avadel Pharmaceuticals (USA), Inc., Avadel Pediatrics, Inc., FSC Therapeutics, LLC (“FSC Therapeutics”), and Avadel US Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”), as the “Sellers,” entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Cerecor, Inc. (“Cerecor”). The transaction closed on February 16, 2018 wherein Cerecor purchased from the Sellers four pediatric commercial stage assets – Karbinal™ ER, Cefaclor, Flexichamber™ and AcipHex® Sprinkle™, together with certain associated business assets – which were held by FSC. The Company acquired FSC in February 2016 from Deerfield and certain of its affiliates. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Cerecor assumed the Company’s remaining payment obligations to Deerfield under the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 5, 2016, between Holdings, Flamel Technologies SA (the predecessor of the Company) and Deerfield and certain of its affiliates, which payment obligations consisted of the following (collectively, the “Assumed Obligations”): (i) a quarterly payment of $263 beginning in July 2018 and ending in October 2020, amounting to an aggregate payment obligation of $2,625; (ii) a payment in January 2021 of $15,263; and (iii) a quarterly royalty payment of 15% on net sales of the FSC products through February 5, 2026 (“FSC Product Royalties”), in an aggregate amount of up to approximately $10,300. Cerecor also assumed certain contracts and other obligations related to the acquired assets, and in that connection Holdings agreed to pay Cerecor certain make-whole payments associated with obligations Cerecor is assuming related to a certain supply contract related to Karbinal™ ER.

In conjunction with the divestiture, the Company also entered into the following arrangements:

License and Development Agreement

Also, in connection with the closing under the Purchase Agreement, Flamel Ireland Limited, an Irish limited company operating under the trade name of Avadel Ireland (“Avadel Ireland”) and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and Cerecor entered into a license and development agreement (the “License and Development Agreement”) pursuant to which, among other things:


•	Avadel Ireland will provide Cerecor with four product formulations utilizing Avadel Ireland’s LiquiTime™ technology, and will complete pilot bioequivalence studies for such product formulations within 18 months;


•	Cerecor will reimburse Avadel Ireland for development costs of the four LiquiTime™ products in excess of $1,000 in the aggregate;


•	Upon transfer of the four product formulations, Cerecor will assume all remaining development costs and responsibilities for the product development, clinical studies, NDA applications and associated filing fees; and


•	Upon regulatory approval and commercial launch of any LiquiTime™ products, Cerecor will pay Avadel Ireland quarterly royalties based on a percentage of net sales of any such products in the mid-single digit range.

Deerfield Guarantee

In connection with the closing under the Purchase Agreement, the Company and Holdings provided their guarantee (the “Deerfield Guarantee”) in favor of Deerfield. Under the Deerfield Guarantee, the Company and Holdings guaranteed to Deerfield the payment by Cerecor of the Assumed Obligations under the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement between the Company and Deerfield dated February 5, 2016. The Assumed Obligations include (i) a quarterly payment of $263 beginning in July 2018 and ending in October 2020, amounting to an aggregate payment obligation of $2,625; (ii) a payment in January 2021 of $15,263; and (iii) a quarterly royalty payment of 15% on net sales of the FSC products through February 6, 2026 (“FSC Product Royalties”), in an aggregate amount of up to approximately $10,300. In addition, under the Deerfield Guarantee, the Company and Holdings guaranteed that Deerfield would receive certain minimum annual FSC Product Royalties through February 6, 2026 (the “Minimum Royalties”). Given the Company’s explicit guarantee to Deerfield, the Company recorded the guarantee in accordance with ASC 460. A valuation was performed, which was based largely on an analysis of the potential timing of each possible cash outflow described above and the likelihood of Cerecor’s default on such payments assuming an S&P credit rating of CCC+. The result of this valuation identified a guarantee liability of $6,643. This liability is being amortized proportionately based on undiscounted cash outflows through the remainder of the contract with Deerfield. At December 31, 2018, the carrying value of this liability was $6,253.

Armistice Guarantee

In connection with the closing under the Purchase Agreement, Armistice Capital Master Fund, Ltd., the majority shareholder of Cerecor, guaranteed to Holdings the payment by Cerecor of the Assumed Obligations, including the Minimum Royalties. A valuation of the guarantee asset was performed in accordance with ASC 460 “Guarantees” and a guarantee asset of $6,620 was recorded. This asset is being amortized proportionately based on undiscounted cash outflows through the remainder of the contract with Deerfield noted above. At December 31, 2018, the carrying value of this asset was $6,231.

The fair values of the Avadel guarantee to Deerfield and the guarantee received by Avadel from Armistice largely offset and when combined are not material.

Based on management’s review of ASU 2014-08, “Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity”, the disposition of our pediatric assets and related liabilities did not qualify for discontinued operations reporting. Our results of operations for the period January 1, 2018 through February 16, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 include the results of FSC, prior to its February 16, 2018 disposition date.

The net impact of this transaction was not material to the consolidated statements of (loss) income.

Restructuring Costs - France

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring Costs - France

During the first quarter of 2017, the Company announced a plan to reduce our workforce at our Venniseux, France site by approximately 50%. This reduction is an effort to align the Company’s cost structure with our ongoing and future planned projects. In July 2017, the Company completed negotiations with the works council for our French operations and received approval from the French Labor Commission (DIRECCTE) to implement the plan. The reduction is substantially complete at December 31, 2018. Restructuring charges for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $1,016, include a provision related to a dispute with severed employees of $776 related to severance benefits and is also net of the curtailment gain of $148. Restructuring charges of $2,542 for the year ended December 31, 2017, are net of the curtailment gain of $717. The following table sets forth activities for the Company’s cost reduction plan obligations for the year ended December 31, 2018:



Restructuring Obligation:	2018			2017

Balance of restructuring accrual at January 1,	$	1,000		$	—
Charges for employee severance, benefits and other	1,164			3,259
Payments	(1,261		)	(2,600		)
Foreign currency impact	(24		)	341
Balance of restructuring accrual at December 31,	$	879		$	1,000

The restructuring accrual at December 31, 2018 is included the consolidated balance sheet in accrued expenses.

Equity Instruments and Stock Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Equity Instruments and Stock Based Compensation

Equity Instruments and Stock-Based Compensation

Capital Stock

We have 500,000 shares of authorized ordinary shares with a nominal value of $0.01 per common share. As of December 31, 2018, we had 42,720 and 37,313 shares of ordinary shares issued and outstanding, respectively. The Board of Directors is authorized to issue preferred shares in series, and with respect to each series, to fix its designation, relative rights (including voting, dividend, conversion, sinking fund, and redemption rights), preferences (including dividends and liquidation) and limitations. We have 50,000 shares of authorized preferred shares, $0.01 nominal value, none of which is currently outstanding.

Share Repurchases

In March 2017, the Board of Directors approved an authorization to repurchase up to $25,000 of Avadel ordinary shares represented by ADSs. Under this authorization, which has an indefinite duration, share repurchases may be made in the open market, in block transactions on or off the exchange, in privately negotiated transactions, or through other means as determined by the Board of Directors and in accordance with the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The timing and amount of repurchases, if any, will depend on a variety of factors, including the price of our shares, cash resources, alternative investment opportunities, corporate and regulatory requirements and market conditions. This share repurchase program may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. We may also from time to time establish a trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 to facilitate purchases of our shares under this program. Additionally, on February 12, 2018, the Board of Directors approved an authorization to repurchase up to $18,000 of Avadel ordinary shares represented by American Depository Shares in connection with our Convertible Notes Offering completed on February 16, 2018. See Note 10: Long-Term Debt. In March 2018, the Board of Directors approved an authorization to repurchase up to $7,000 of Avadel ordinary shares represented by American Depository Shares, bring the total authorization to $50,000. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had repurchased 5,407 ordinary shares for $49,998.

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of (loss) income for all stock-based compensation arrangements was as follows for the periods ended December 31:



Stock-based Compensation Expense:	2018		2017		2016

Research and development	$	880	$	672	$	3,523
Selling, general and administrative	6,972		7,400		11,156
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	7,852	$	8,072	$	14,679

As of December 31, 2018, the Company expects $6,726 of unrecognized expense related to granted, but non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements to be incurred in future periods. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.3 years.

The excess tax benefit related to stock-based compensation recorded by the Company was $0 for the year ended December 31, 2018 and not material for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Upon exercise of stock options or warrants, or upon the issuance of restricted share awards, the Company issues new shares.

At December 31, 2018, there were 1,873,147 shares authorized for stock option grants, warrant grants and restricted share award grants in subsequent periods.

Determining the Fair Value of Stock Options and Warrants

The Company measures the total fair value of stock options and warrants on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and recognizes each grant’s fair value as compensation expense over the period that the option or warrant vests. Options are granted to employees of the Company and become exercisable ratably over four years following the grant date and expire ten years after the grant date. Prior to 2017, warrants were typically issued to the Company’s Board of Directors as compensation for services rendered and generally become exercisable within one year following the grant date, and expire four years after the grant date. Beginning in 2017, the Company issues stock options to our Board of Directors as compensation for services rendered and generally become exercisable within one year following the grant date, and expire four years after the grant date.

The weighted-average assumptions under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for stock option and warrant grants as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, are as follows:



Stock Option and Warrant Assumptions:	2018		2017		2016

Stock option grants:
Expected term (years)	6.25		6.25		6.25
Expected volatility	56.59	%	58.82	%	58.39	%
Risk-free interest rate	2.68	%	2.20	%	2.04	%
Expected dividend yield	—		—		—

Warrant grants:
Expected term (years)	—		0		2.50
Expected volatility	—	%	—	%	60.57	%
Risk-free interest rate	—	%	—	%	0.82	%
Expected dividend yield	—		—		—

Expected volatility: The expected volatility is calculated based on an average of the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price for a period approximating the expected term.

Risk-free interest rate: The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant and a maturity that approximates the expected term.

Expected dividend yield: The Company has not distributed any dividends since our inception, and has no plan to distribute dividends in the foreseeable future.

Stock Options

A summary of the combined stock option activity and other data for the Company’s stock option plans for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows:



Stock Option Activity and Other Data:	Number of Stock Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	Aggregate Intrinsic Value

Stock options outstanding, January 1, 2018	5,041		$	11.34
Granted	138		6.67
Exercised	(82	)	6.52
Forfeited	(428	)	10.04
Expired	(68	)	12.41
Stock options outstanding, December 31, 2018	4,601		$	11.39	7.25 years	$	—
Stock options exercisable, December 31, 2018	3,005		$	11.99	6.66 years	$	—

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $0, $1,161, and $58, respectively.

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $3.60, $5.20 and $6.14 per share, respectively.

Warrants

A summary of the combined warrant activity and other data for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows:



Warrant Activity and Other Data:	Number of Warrants		Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	Aggregate Intrinsic Value

Warrants outstanding, January 1, 2018	894		$	16.77
Granted	—		—
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Expired	(298	)	14.87
Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2018	596		$	17.72	1.03 years	$	—
Warrants exercisable, December 31, 2018	596		$	17.72	1.03 years	$	—

Each of the above warrants is convertible into one ordinary share. There was no aggregate intrinsic value of warrants exercised during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

The weighted average grant date fair value of warrants granted during the year ended December 31, 2016 was $2.99 per share. There were no warrants granted during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

At January 1, 2018, an additional 3,300 warrants were outstanding and exercisable relative to consideration paid for the Company’s acquisition of Éclat Pharmaceuticals, LLC on March 13, 2012. These warrants are not considered stock-based compensation and are therefore excluded from the above tables, and instead are addressed within Note 11: Long-Term Related Party Payable. On February 23, 2018, the related party exercised in full the warrant to purchase 2,200 ordinary shares. On March 12, 2018 the remaining warrants to purchase 1,100 ordinary shares expired.

Restricted Share Awards

Restricted share awards represent Company shares issued free of charge to employees of the Company as compensation for services rendered. The Company measures the total fair value of restricted share awards on the grant date using the Company’s stock price at the time of the grant. Restricted share awards granted prior to 2016 generally cliff vest at the end of a four-year vesting period, and are expensed over a two or four-year service period. Restricted share awards granted during 2016 are fully expensed at the date of grant as they contain no service requirement. Employees, however, have a two-year acquisition period from grant date and are then free to trade these awards. Restricted share awards granted during and after 2017 vest over a three-year period; two-thirds (2/3) vesting on the second anniversary of the grant date and the remaining one-third (1/3) vesting on the third anniversary of the grant date. Beginning in 2018, the Company issues restricted share awards to our Board of Directors vesting over a three-year period; one-third (1/3) vesting on each of the three anniversaries of the grant date. Compensation expense for such awards granted during and after 2017 is recognized over the applicable vesting period.

A summary of the Company’s restricted share awards as of December 31, 2018, and changes during the year then ended, is reflected in the table below.



Restricted Share Activity and Other Data:	Number of Restricted Share Awards		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value

Non-vested restricted share awards outstanding, January 1, 2018	819		$	11.51
Granted	279		5.87
Vested	(548	)	12.78
Forfeited	(59	)	8.95
Non-vested restricted share awards outstanding, December 31, 2018	491		$	7.20

The weighted average grant date fair value of restricted share awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $5.87, $8.95 and $12.11, respectively.

Employee Share Purchase Plan

In 2017, the Board of Directors approved of the Avadel Pharmaceuticals plc 2017 Avadel Employee Share Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The total number of Company ordinary shares, nominal value $0.01 per share, or ADSs representing such ordinary shares (collectively, “Shares”) which may be issued under the ESPP is 1,000. The purchase price at which a Share will be issued or sold for a given offering period will be established by the Compensation Committee of the Board (“Committee”) (and may differ among participants, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion) but will in no event be less than 85% of the lesser of: (a) the fair market value of a Share on the offering date; or (b) the fair market value of a Share on the purchase date. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has issued 25 ordinary shares to employees.

Net (Loss) Income Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Net (Loss) Income Per Share

Basic net (loss) income per share is calculated by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period. Diluted net (loss) income per share is calculated by dividing net (loss) income by the diluted number of shares outstanding during each period. Except where the result would be anti-dilutive to net (loss) income, diluted net (loss) income per share would be calculated assuming the impact of the conversion of the 2023 Notes, the exercise of outstanding equity compensation awards, ordinary shares expected to be issued under our employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) and the exercise of contingent consideration warrants, all which have been exercised or have expired during the first quarter of 2018.

We have a choice to settle the conversion obligation under the 2023 Notes in cash, shares or any combination of the two. We utilize the if-converted method to reflect the impact of the conversion of the 2023 Notes, unless the result is anti-dilutive. This method assumes the conversion of the 2023 Notes into shares of our ordinary shares and reflects the elimination of the interest expense related to the 2023 Notes.

The dilutive effect of the warrants, stock options, RSU’s and ordinary shares expected to be issued under or ESPP has been calculated using the treasury stock method.

A reconciliation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share, together with the related shares outstanding in thousands for the years ended December 31, is as follows:



Net (Loss) Income Per Share:	2018			2017		2016

Net (loss) income	$	(95,304	)	$	68,271	$	(41,276	)

Weighted average shares:
Basic shares	37,325			40,465		41,248
Effect of dilutive securities—employee and director equity awards outstanding and 2023 Notes	—			1,300		—
Diluted shares	37,325			41,765		41,248

Net (loss) income per share - basic	$	(2.55	)	$	1.69	$	(1.00	)
Net (loss) income per share - diluted	$	(2.55	)	$	1.63	$	(1.00	)

Potential common shares of 17,529, 6,368, and 8,564 were excluded from the calculation of weighted average shares for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, because their effect was considered to be anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2016, the effects of dilutive securities were entirely excluded from the calculation of net (loss) income per share as a net loss was reported in these periods.

Comprehensive (Loss) Income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive (Loss) Income

The following table shows the components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for the twelve months ended December 31, net of immaterial tax effects:



Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income:	2018			2017			2016

Foreign currency translation adjustment:
Beginning balance	$	(23,202	)	$	(23,336	)	$	(22,312	)
Net other comprehensive (loss) income	(419		)	134			(1,024		)
Balance at December 31,	(23,621		)	(23,202		)	(23,336		)

Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net
Beginning balance	(64		)	(229		)	(345		)
Net other comprehensive income, net of ($18), $28, $16, tax, respectively	269			165			116
Balance at December 31,	205			(64		)	(229		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31,	$	(23,416	)	$	(23,266	)	$	(23,565	)

Company Operations by Product, Customer and Geographic Area

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Company Operations by Product, Customer and Geographic Area

The Company has determined that we operate in one segment, the development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products, including controlled-release therapeutic products based on our proprietary polymer based technology. The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker is the interim CEO. The interim CEO reviews profit and loss information on a consolidated basis to assess performance and make overall operating decisions as well as resource allocations. All products are included in one segment because the Company’s products have similar economic and other characteristics, including the nature of the products and production processes, type of customers, distribution methods and regulatory environment.

The following table presents a summary of total revenues by these products for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:



Revenue by Product:	2018		2017		2016

Bloxiverz	$	20,850	$	45,596	$	82,896
Vazculep	42,916		38,187		39,796
Akovaz	33,759		80,617		16,831
Noctiva	1,204		—		—
Other	2,694		8,441		7,699
Total product sales	101,423		172,841		147,222
License revenue	1,846		404		3,024
Total revenues	$	103,269	$	173,245	$	150,246

Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited due to the high credit quality comprising a significant portion of the Company’s customers. Management periodically monitors the creditworthiness of our customers and believes that we have adequately provided for any exposure to potential credit loss.

The following table presents a summary of total revenues by significant customer for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:



Revenue by Significant Customer:	2018		2017		2016

Customer A	$	26,794	$	44,762	$	51,648
Customer B	25,413		37,965		39,359
Customer C	18,620		25,691		30,916
Customer D	9,653		53,342		17,728
Others	20,943		11,081		7,571
Total product sales	101,423		172,841		147,222
License revenue	1,846		404		3,024
Total revenues	$	103,269	$	173,245	$	150,246

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had four customers, each of which are substantial wholesale distributors, and accounted for 10% or more of the accounts receivable balance. One customer accounted for 32%, or $3,571, a second customer accounted for 24% or $2,755, a third customer accounted for 24% or $2,789, and a fourth customer accounted for 10% or $1,174. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had no significant past due account receivable balances.

The following table summarizes revenues by geographic region for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:



Revenue by Geographic Region:	2018		2017		2016

United States	$	101,423	$	172,841	$	147,283
Ireland	1,846		404		2,963
Total revenues	$	103,269	$	173,245	$	150,246

Currently we depend on a single contract manufacturing organization for the manufacture of Bloxiverz, Vazculep and Noctiva and two contract manufacturing organizations for the manufacture of Akovaz, from which we derive a majority of our revenues. Additionally, we purchase certain raw materials used in our products from a limited number of suppliers, including a single supplier for certain key ingredients.

Non-monetary long-lived assets primarily consist of property and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets. The following table summarizes non-monetary long-lived assets by geographic region as of December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:



Long-lived Assets by Geographic Region:	2018		2017		2016

United States	$	27,761	$	116,536	$	42,021
France	1,365		2,257		2,524
Ireland	6,028		1,360		202
Total	$	35,154	$	120,153	$	44,747

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions	Dec. 31, 2018
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions In March 2012, the Company acquired all of the membership interests of Éclat from Breaking Stick Holdings, L.L.C. (“Breaking Stick”, formerly Éclat Holdings), an affiliate of Deerfield Capital L.P (“Deerfield”), a significant shareholder of the Company. At December 31, 2018, the remaining consideration obligation for this transaction consisted of commitments to make earnout payments to Breaking Stick of 20% of any gross profit generated by certain Éclat products (the “Products”). Breaking Stick is majority owned by Deerfield, with a minority interest owned by certain current and former employees. The Company entered into a Security Agreement dated March 13, 2012 with Breaking Stick, whereby Breaking Stick was granted a security interest in various tangible and intangible assets related to the Products to secure the obligations of Éclat and Avadel US Holdings, Inc., including the full and prompt payment of royalties to Breaking Stick under the Royalty Agreement. As part of a February 2013 debt financing transaction conducted with Deerfield Management, Éclat entered into a Royalty Agreement with Horizon Santé FLML, Sarl and Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., both affiliates of the Deerfield Entities (together, “Deerfield PDF/Horizon”). The Royalty Agreement provides for the Company to pay Deerfield PDF/Horizon 1.75% of the net sales of the Products sold by the Company and any of our affiliates until December 31, 2024, with royalty payments paid in arrears for each calendar quarter during the term of the Royalty Agreement. The Company has also entered into a Security Agreement dated February 4, 2013 with Deerfield PDF/Horizon, whereby Deerfield PDF/Horizon was granted a security interest in the various tangible and intangible assets related to the Products to secure the obligations of Éclat and Avadel US Holdings, Inc., including the full and prompt payment of royalties to Deerfield PDF/Horizon under the Royalty Agreement. As part of a December 2013 debt financing transaction conducted with Broadfin Healthcare Master Fund (“Broadfin”), the Company also entered into a Royalty Agreement with Broadfin, a significant shareholder of the Company, dated as of December 3, 2013 (the “Broadfin Royalty Agreement”). Pursuant to the Broadfin Royalty Agreement, the Company is required to pay a royalty of 0.834% on the net sales of certain products sold by the Company and any of our affiliates until December 31, 2024 with royalty payments paid in arrears for each calendar quarter during the term of the Royalty Agreement. The Company has also entered into a Security Agreement dated December 3, 2013 with Broadfin, whereby Broadfin was granted a security interest in the various tangible and intangible assets related to the Products to secure the obligations of Éclat and Avadel US Holdings, Inc., including the full and prompt payment of royalties to Broadfin under the Royalty Agreement. The Company entered into an agreement dated February 5, 2016 to acquire FSC Holdings, LLC (“FSC”), a specialty pharmaceutical company dedicated to providing innovative solutions to unmet medical needs for pediatric patients, from Deerfield CSF, LLC, a Deerfield Management company (“Deerfield”), a related party. Under the terms of the acquisition, which was completed on February 8, 2016, the Company was to pay $1,050 annually for five years with a final payment in January 2021 of $15,000 for a total of $20,250 to Deerfield for all of the equity interests in FSC. The Company will also pay Deerfield a 15% royalty per annum on net sales of the current FSC products, up to $12,500 for a period not exceeding ten years. These obligations were assumed by Cerecor in connection with the divestiture of the Company’s pediatric products on February 16, 2018. In connection with the divestiture, the Company provided their guarantee in favor of Deerfield and in return, Armistice Capital Master Fund, Inc., the majority shareholder of Cerecor, guaranteed to the Company the payment by Cerecor of the Assumed Obligations mentioned in Note 16: Divestiture of the Pediatric Assets. See Note 16 for further discussion around the divestiture.

Subsequent Event	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Event	Dec. 31, 2018
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Event	Subsequent Events Corporate Restructuring. In February 2019, Avadel announced a corporate restructuring in order to focus efforts and resources on the clinical development of FT218. In conjunction with the restructuring, Avadel will reduce its workforce by more than 50%, and Specialty Pharma made a voluntary filing for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code on February 6, 2019. As noted above, Specialty Pharma is a special-purpose entity and wholly-owned subsidiary responsible solely for the sales, marketing and distribution of Noctiva. These restructuring actions were taken to exit Noctiva™ quickly and efficiently, and are not expected to materially impact any other aspect of the Company’s business, including the ability to operate its sterile injectables hospital business, complete the FT218 Phase 3 clinical trial, and complete development of the Company’s fourth UMD product. The Company estimates that it will incur approximately $10 to $15 million of one-time pre-tax charges for severance and other costs related to the restructuring. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company generated sales of $1,204 and $0, respectively, and incurred selling, general and administrative expenses of $62,268 and $13,536, respectively and research and development expenses of $2,782 and $1,688, respectively, related to the Noctiva product.

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]

Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure

Schedule II

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

(In thousands)



Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance:	Balance, Beginning of Period		Additions (a)		Deductions (b)			Other Changes (c)			Balance, End of Period

2018	$	15,354	$	6,089	$	(75	)	$	(169	)	$	21,199
2017	$	7,599	$	391	$	(664	)	$	8,028		$	15,354
2016	$	45,516	$	6,873	$	(42,417	)	$	(2,373	)	$	7,599


a.	Additions to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance relate to movements on certain French, Irish and U.S. deferred tax assets where we continue to maintain a valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support reversal.


b.	Deductions to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance include movements relating to utilization and removal of net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards, release in valuation allowance and other movements including adjustments following finalization of tax returns.


c.	Other changes to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance including currency translation adjustments recorded directly in equity and account method changes.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Nature of Operations

Our current marketed products include:


•	Akovaz® (ephedrine sulfate injection, USP), an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent that is indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia


•	Bloxiverz® (neostigmine methylsulfate injection), a cholinesterase inhibitor, is indicated for the reversal of the effects of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) after surgery.


•	Vazculep® (phenylephrine hydrochloride injection), an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension resulting primarily from vasodilation in the setting of anesthesia.

Each of our Akovaz, Bloxiverz and Vazculep products is used primarily in the hospital setting and was developed under our UMD program.

•


•	Flamel ceased to exist as a separate entity and the Company continued as the surviving entity and assumed all of the assets and liabilities of Flamel.


•	our authorized share capital is $5,500 divided into 500,000 ordinary shares with a nominal value of $0.01 each and 50,000 preferred shares with a nominal value of $0.01 each


◦	all outstanding ordinary shares of Flamel, €0.122 nominal value per share, were canceled and exchanged on a one-for-one basis for newly issued ordinary shares of the Company, $0.01 nominal value per share. This change in nominal value of our outstanding shares resulted in our reclassifying $5,937 on our balance sheet from ordinary shares to additional paid-in capital

◦


•	all outstanding American Depositary Shares (ADSs) representing ordinary shares of Flamel were canceled and exchanged on a one-for-one basis for ADSs representing ordinary shares of the Company.

Further details about the reincorporation, the Merger and the Merger Agreement are contained in our definitive proxy statement filed with the SEC on July 5, 2016.

Basis of Presentation

Revenue

Revenue. Revenue includes sales of pharmaceutical products, licensing fees, and, if any, milestone payments for research and development (“R&D”) achievements.

Product Sales

License Revenue

Governmental Grants

Government Grants. The Company receives financial support for various research or investment projects from governmental agencies.

Research and Development

The Company recognizes R&D tax credits received from the French government for spending on innovative R&D as an offset of R&D expenses.

Stock-based Compensation

Income Taxes

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Marketable Securities

Accounts Receivables

Inventories

Property and Equipment



Laboratory equipment	4-8 years
Software, office and computer equipment	3 years
Leasehold improvements, furniture, fixtures and fittings	5-10 years

Goodwill

Long-Lived Assets

Financing-related Royalty Agreements

Foreign Currency Translation

Use of Estimates

Effect of New Accounting Standards

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” This update eliminates step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, and requires the goodwill impairment test to be performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2020. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company will assess the timing of adoption and impact of this guidance to future impairment considerations.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment Useful Life

Property and equipment is stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:



Laboratory equipment	4-8 years
Software, office and computer equipment	3 years
Leasehold improvements, furniture, fixtures and fittings	5-10 years

The principal categories of property and equipment, net at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are as follows:



Property and Equipment, net:	2018			2017

Laboratory equipment	$	8,864		$	10,135
Software, office and computer equipment	2,487			3,115
Furniture, fixtures and fittings	3,715			4,779
Less - accumulated depreciation	(13,155		)	(15,028		)
Total	$	1,911		$	3,001

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis



	As of December 31, 2018						As of December 31, 2017
Fair Value Measurements:	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Marketable securities (see Note 5)
Equity securities	$	9,145	$	—	$	—	$	468	$	—	$	—
Money market funds	52,996		—		—		44,481		—		—
Corporate bonds	—		6,339		—		—		9,262		—
Government securities - U.S.	—		12,701		—		—		19,050		—
Other fixed-income securities	—		9,409		—		—		4,250		—
Total assets	$	62,141	$	28,449	$	—	$	44,949	$	32,562	$	—

Related party payable (see Note 11)	—		—		28,840		—		—		98,925
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	28,840	$	—	$	—	$	98,925

Marketable Securities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities



	2018
Marketable Securities:	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value

Equity securities	$	10,101	$	—	$	(956	)	$	9,145
Money market funds	52,733		316		(53		)	52,996
Corporate bonds	6,411		7		(79		)	6,339
Government securities - U.S.	12,714		66		(79		)	12,701
Other fixed-income securities	9,400		22		(13		)	9,409
Total	$	91,359	$	411	$	(1,180	)	$	90,590



	2017
Marketable Securities:	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value

Equity securities	$	443	$	31	$	(6	)	$	468
Money market funds	44,525		—		(44		)	44,481
Corporate bonds	9,285		1		(24		)	9,262
Government securities - U.S.	19,080		—		(30		)	19,050
Other fixed-income securities	4,259		—		(9		)	4,250
Total	$	77,592	$	32	$	(113	)	$	77,511

Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date



	Maturities
Marketable Debt Securities:	Less than 1 Year		1-5 Years		5-10 Years		Greater than 10 Years		Total

Corporate bonds	$	1,511	$	4,828	$	—	$	—	$	6,339
Government securities - U.S.	771		11,145		281		504		12,701
Other fixed-income securities	—		9,409		—		—		9,409
Total	$	2,282	$	25,382	$	281	$	504	$	28,449

Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory

The principal categories of inventories, net reserves of $4,757 and $1,039 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are comprised of the following:



Inventory:	2018		2017

Finished goods	$	4,270	$	4,774
Raw materials	500		1,383
Total	$	4,770	$	6,157

Property and Equipment, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:



Laboratory equipment	4-8 years
Software, office and computer equipment	3 years
Leasehold improvements, furniture, fixtures and fittings	5-10 years

The principal categories of property and equipment, net at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are as follows:



Property and Equipment, net:	2018			2017

Laboratory equipment	$	8,864		$	10,135
Software, office and computer equipment	2,487			3,115
Furniture, fixtures and fittings	3,715			4,779
Less - accumulated depreciation	(13,155		)	(15,028		)
Total	$	1,911		$	3,001

Acquisitions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The fair values assigned to the acquired assets and liabilities were recognized as follows:




Assigned Fair Value:	Amount

Accounts receivable	$	142
Inventories	1,135
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,712
Intangible assets:
Acquired product marketing rights	16,600
Acquired developed technology	4,300
Deferred tax assets	853
Other assets	277
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(3,827		)
Total	$	21,192

Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information



Pro Forma Net Revenue and Income (Loss):	2016

Net revenue	$	150,721
Net loss	(42,290		)

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill

The Company’s amortizable and unamortizable intangible assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are as follows:



	2018										2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets:	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Impairment			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount

Amortizable intangible assets:
Acquired developed technology - Noctiva	$	73,111	$	(7,024	)	$	(66,087	)	$	—	$	73,111	$	(1,401	)	$	71,710
Acquired developed technology - Vazculep	12,061		(10,432		)	—			1,629		12,061		(9,616		)	2,445
Acquired product marketing rights ⁽¹⁾	—		—			—			—		16,600		(2,132		)	14,468
Acquired developed technology ⁽¹⁾	—		—			—			—		4,300		(634		)	3,666
Total amortizable intangible assets	$	85,172	$	(17,456	)	$	(66,087	)	$	1,629	$	106,072	$	(13,783	)	$	92,289

Unamortizable intangible assets:
Goodwill	$	18,491	$	—		$	—		$	18,491	$	18,491	$	—		$	18,491
Total unamortizable intangible assets	$	18,491	$	—		$	—		$	18,491	$	18,491	$	—		$	18,491

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense

At December 31, 2018, total future amortization of intangible assets for the next five years is as follows:



Estimated Amortization Expense:	Amount

2019	$	815
2020	814
2021	—
2022	—
2023	—

Long-Term Debt - (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments

Long-Term debt is summarized as follows:



	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Principal amount of 4.50% exchangeable senior notes due 2023	$	143,750		$	—
Less: unamortized debt discount and issuance costs, net	(28,059		)	—
Net carrying amount of liability component	115,691			—
Other debt	149			267
Subtotal	115,840			267
Less: current maturities	(106		)	(111		)
Long-term debt	$	115,734		$	156

Equity component:
Equity component of exchangeable notes, net of issuance costs	$	(26,699	)	$	—

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6877327&loc=d3e13212-122682

Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1A
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=114775744&loc=d3e28541-108399

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+ Details

Long-Term Related Party Payable (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Related Party Transactions

Long-term related party payable and related activity are reported at fair value and consist of the following at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively:



				Activity during the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2018
							Changes in Fair Value of Related Party Payable
	Balance, December 31, 2017			Payments to Related Parties			Operating (Gain) Expense			Other Income			Expiration of Warrants			Disposal			Balance, December 31, 2018

Acquisition-related contingent consideration:
Warrants - Éclat Pharmaceuticals ^(a)	$	2,479		$	—		$	(312	)	$	—		$	(2,167	)	$	—		$	—
Earn-out payments - Éclat Pharmaceuticals ^(b)	67,744			(19,468		)	(22,661		)	—			—			—			25,615
Royalty agreement - FSC ^(c)	5,740			(645		)	242			—			—			(5,337		)	—
Financing-related:
Royalty agreement - Deerfield ^(d)	5,392			(1,922		)	—			(1,286		)	—			—			2,184
Royalty agreement - Broadfin ^(e)	2,570			(916		)	—			(613		)	—			—			1,041
Long-term liability - FSC ^(f)	15,000			—			—			—			—			(15,000		)	—
Total related party payable	98,925			$	(22,951	)	$	(22,731	)	$	(1,899	)	$	(2,167	)	$	(20,337	)	28,840
Less: Current portion	(25,007		)																(9,439		)
Total long-term related party payable	$	73,918																	$	19,401

Each of the above items is associated with related parties as further described in Note 22: Related Party Transactions.

(a)

The following table summarizes changes to the related party payables, a recurring Level 3 measurement, for the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:



Related Party Payable:	Balance

Balance at December 31, 2015	$	122,693
Additions ⁽²⁾	21,659
Payments of related party payable	(30,838		)
Fair value adjustments ⁽¹⁾	55,833
Balance at December 31, 2016	169,347
Payments of related party payable	(37,311		)
Fair value adjustments ⁽¹⁾	(33,111		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	98,925
Payments of related party payable	(22,951		)
Fair value adjustments ⁽¹⁾	(24,630		)
Expiration of warrants	(2,167		)
Disposition of the pediatrics assets	(20,337		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	28,840

⁽²⁾Relates to the acquisition of FSC. See items (c) and (f) above.

(b)

(c)

(d)


(e)	As part of a December 2013 debt financing transaction conducted with Broadfin Healthcare Master Fund, a related party and current shareholder, the Company received cash of $2,200 in exchange for entering into a royalty agreement whereby the Company shall pay quarterly a 0.834% royalty on the net sales of certain Éclat products until December 31, 2024.

(f)

Schedule Of Fair Value Assumptions Of Warrant

The fair value of the warrants was estimated on a quarterly basis using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions as of December 31:



Assumptions for the Warrant Valuation:	2017

Stock price	$	8.20
Weighted average exercise price per share	8.63
Expected term (years)	0.25
Expected volatility	37.90		%
Risk-free interest rate	1.39		%
Expected dividend yield	—

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule Of Components Of Income Before Income Tax

The components of (loss) income before income taxes for the years ended twelve months ended December 31, are as follows:



(Loss) Income Before Income Taxes:	2018			2017			2016

Ireland	$	(42,604	)	$	(3,123	)	$	(22,866	)
United States	(70,340		)	92,754			32,786
France	(253		)	3,029			(19,638		)
Total (loss) income before income taxes	$	(113,197	)	$	92,660		$	(9,718	)

Schedule Of Income Tax Payments

The income tax provision consists of the following for the years ended December 31:



Income Tax (Benefit) Provision:	2018			2017		2016

Current:
United States - Federal	$	—		$	18,064	$	30,738
United States - State	330			331		1,081
France	—			265		5,267
Total current	330			18,660		37,086

Deferred:
United States - Federal	(19,503		)	4,686		(6,443		)
United States - State	1,280			1,043		(23		)
France	—			—		938
Total deferred	(18,223		)	5,729		(5,528		)

Income tax (benefit) provision	$	(17,893	)	$	24,389	$	31,558

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The reconciliation between Domestic income taxes at the statutory rate and the Company’s (benefit) provision for income taxes is as follows for the years ended December 31:



Reconciliation to Effective Income Tax Rate:	2018			2017			2016

Statutory tax rate	12.5		%	12.5		%	12.5		%
Differences in international tax rates	8.0		%	22.2		%	(31.9		)%
Nondeductible changes in fair value of contingent consideration	4.0		%	(11.6		)%	(165.0		)%
Income tax deferred charge	—		%	—		%	(9.7		)%
Change in valuation allowances	(5.3		)%	(0.7		)%	11.8		%
Nondeductible stock-based compensation	(1.3		)%	(0.4		)%	(14.8		)%
Cross border merger	—		%	0.3		%	(100.6		)%
Unrealized tax benefits	(1.3		)%	1.4		%	(15.2		)%
State and local taxes (net of federal)	(0.3		)%	0.3		%	(9.6		)%
Change in U.S. tax law	(0.2		)%	3.8		%	—		%
Nondeductible interest expense	(1.1		)%	—		%	—		%
Other	0.7		%	(1.5		)%	(2.3		)%
Effective income tax rate	15.7		%	26.3		%	(324.8		)%

Income tax (benefit) provision - at statutory tax rate	$	(14,149	)	$	11,582		$	(1,215	)
Differences in international tax rates	(9,039		)	20,557			3,097
Nondeductible changes in fair value of contingent consideration	(4,559		)	(10,779		)	16,036
Income tax deferred charge	—			—			938
Change in valuation allowances	5,998			(610		)	(1,143		)
Nondeductible stock-based compensation	1,499			(375		)	1,436
Cross-border merger	—			265			9,773
Unrecognized tax benefits	1,440			1,296			1,475
State and local taxes (net of federal)	299			252			934
Change in U.S. tax law	274			3,513			—
Nondeductible interest expense	1,269			—			—
Other	(925		)	(1,312		)	227
Income tax (benefit) provision - at effective income tax rate	$	(17,893	)	$	24,389		$	31,558

Summary of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the twelve months ended December 31:



Unrecognized Tax Benefit Activity	2018		2017		2016

Balance at January 1:	$	3,954	$	1,686	$	448
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	1,087		2,268		1,578
Increases (decreases) for tax positions of prior years	274		—		(340		)
Balance at December 31:	$	5,315	$	3,954	$	1,686

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The net deferred tax assets/liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017 resulted from the following temporary differences:



Net Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities:	2018			2017

Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	19,510		$	9,831
Amortization	20,642			7,563
Stock based compensation	4,587			4,375
Fair value royalty agreements	—			635
Fair value contingent consideration	384			870
Other	479			406
Gross deferred tax assets	45,602			23,680

Deferred tax liabilities:
Amortization	(308		)	(2,419		)
Accounts receivable	(661		)	(936		)
Prepaid expenses	(405		)	(1,094		)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(1,374		)	(4,449		)

Less: valuation allowances	(21,199		)	(15,354		)

Net deferred tax assets	$	23,029		$	3,877

Post-Retirement Benefit Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule Of Defined Benefit Plan Assumptions

The benefit obligation is calculated as the present value of estimated future benefits to be paid, using the following assumptions for the years ended December 31:



Retirement Benefit Obligation Assumptions:	2018		2017		2016

Compensation rate increase	2.75	%	3.00	%	3.00	%
Discount rate	1.50	%	1.25	%	1.31	%
Employee turn-over	Actuarial standard and average of the last 5 years
Average age of retirement	60 to 65 years actuarial standard based on age and professional status

Schedule of Changes in Accumulated Postemployment Benefit Obligations

Changes in the funded status of the retirement indemnity benefit plans were as follows for the years ended December 31:



Retirement Benefit Obligation Activity:	2018			2017

Retirement indemnity benefit obligation, beginning of year	$	1,303		$	2,431
Service cost	93			132
Interest cost	17			21
Plan amendment	—			(829		)
Benefits paid	(12		)	—
Curtailment gain	(148		)	(717		)
Actuarial loss	(178		)	(25		)
Exchange rate changes	(51		)	290
Retirement indemnity benefit obligation, end of year	$	1,024		$	1,303

Schedule Of Defined Benefit Plan Expected Future Benefit

The future expected benefits to be paid over the next five years and for the five years thereafter is as follows for the years ended December 31:



Future Retirement Indemnity Benefit Obligation:	Balance

2019	$	—
2020	—
2021	—
2022	17
2023	—
Next five years	158
Total	$	175

Other Assets and Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Various other assets and liabilities are summarized for the years ended December 31, as follows:



Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets:	2018		2017

Valued-added tax recoverable	$	1,378	$	1,206
Prepaid and other expenses	2,145		7,106
Guarantee from Armistice (see Note 16)	534		—
Income tax receivable	921		518
Research and development tax credit receivable	283		—
Short-term deposit	3,350		—
Other	225		128
Total	$	8,836	$	8,958

Schedule of Other Non-Current Assets



Other Non-Current Assets:	2018		2017

Deferred tax assets	$	23,029	$	3,877
Long-term deposits	1,477		3,350
Guarantee from Armistice (see Note 16)	5,697		—
Right of use assets at contract manufacturing organizations	5,894		2,909
Other	49		113
Total	$	36,146	$	10,249

Schedule of Accrued Expenses



Accrued Expenses:	2018		2017

Accrued compensation	$	3,971	$	3,157
Accrued social charges	1,009		1,204
Accrued restructuring (see Note 17)	879		1,000
Customer allowances	6,541		10,613
Accrued ELAA payment	—		20,000
Accrued contract research organization charges	1,000		156
Accrued contract manufacturing organization costs	2,028		2,327
Accrued contract sales organization and marketing costs	3,469		7,641
Other	2,798		4,828
Total	$	21,695	$	50,926

Schedule of Other Non-Current Liabilities



Other Non-Current Liabilities:	2018		2017

Provision for retirement indemnity	$	1,024	$	1,303
Customer allowances	1,352		1,636
Unrecognized tax benefits	5,315		3,954
Guarantee to Deerfield (see Note 16)	5,717		—
Other	594		191
Total	$	14,002	$	7,084

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity Schedule

The following table presents contractual obligations of the Company at December 31, 2018:



	Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations:	Total		Less than 1 Year		1 to 3 Years		3 to 5 Years		More than 5 Years

Long-term debt and interest	$	173,009	$	6,575	$	12,981	$	153,453	$	—
Long-term related party payable (undiscounted)	51,284		9,439		8,713		7,250		25,882
Purchase commitments	26,682		10,754		10,828		5,100		—
Operating leases	5,836		1,191		2,217		1,461		967
Total contractual cash obligations	$	256,811	$	27,959	$	34,739	$	167,264	$	26,849

Included in the purchase commitments total above, is approximately $15,308 of an obligation of Specialty Pharma, which on February 6, 2019, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.

Commitments for these arrangements, at maximum quantities and at contractual prices over the remaining life of the contract, and excluding any waived commitments, are as follows for the years ended December 31:



Purchase Commitments:	Balance

2019	$	10,754
2020	5,948
2021	4,880
2022	4,880
2023	220
Thereafter	—
Total	$	26,682

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases



Lease Commitment:	Balance

2019	$	1,191
2020	1,208
2021	1,008
2022	767
2023	695
Thereafter	967
Total	$	5,836

Restructuring Costs - France (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring and Related Costs

The following table sets forth activities for the Company’s cost reduction plan obligations for the year ended December 31, 2018:



Restructuring Obligation:	2018			2017

Balance of restructuring accrual at January 1,	$	1,000		$	—
Charges for employee severance, benefits and other	1,164			3,259
Payments	(1,261		)	(2,600		)
Foreign currency impact	(24		)	341
Balance of restructuring accrual at December 31,	$	879		$	1,000

Equity Instruments and Stock Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs

Compensation expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of (loss) income for all stock-based compensation arrangements was as follows for the periods ended December 31:



Stock-based Compensation Expense:	2018		2017		2016

Research and development	$	880	$	672	$	3,523
Selling, general and administrative	6,972		7,400		11,156
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	7,852	$	8,072	$	14,679

Schedule of Share Based Payment Award Stock Options and Warrant Grants Valuation Assumptions

The weighted-average assumptions under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for stock option and warrant grants as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, are as follows:



Stock Option and Warrant Assumptions:	2018		2017		2016

Stock option grants:
Expected term (years)	6.25		6.25		6.25
Expected volatility	56.59	%	58.82	%	58.39	%
Risk-free interest rate	2.68	%	2.20	%	2.04	%
Expected dividend yield	—		—		—

Warrant grants:
Expected term (years)	—		0		2.50
Expected volatility	—	%	—	%	60.57	%
Risk-free interest rate	—	%	—	%	0.82	%
Expected dividend yield	—		—		—

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity

A summary of the combined stock option activity and other data for the Company’s stock option plans for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows:



Stock Option Activity and Other Data:	Number of Stock Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	Aggregate Intrinsic Value

Stock options outstanding, January 1, 2018	5,041		$	11.34
Granted	138		6.67
Exercised	(82	)	6.52
Forfeited	(428	)	10.04
Expired	(68	)	12.41
Stock options outstanding, December 31, 2018	4,601		$	11.39	7.25 years	$	—
Stock options exercisable, December 31, 2018	3,005		$	11.99	6.66 years	$	—

Schedule of Stockholders' Equity Note, Warrants or Rights

A summary of the combined warrant activity and other data for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows:



Warrant Activity and Other Data:	Number of Warrants		Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	Aggregate Intrinsic Value

Warrants outstanding, January 1, 2018	894		$	16.77
Granted	—		—
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Expired	(298	)	14.87
Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2018	596		$	17.72	1.03 years	$	—
Warrants exercisable, December 31, 2018	596		$	17.72	1.03 years	$	—

Disclosure of Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award

A summary of the Company’s restricted share awards as of December 31, 2018, and changes during the year then ended, is reflected in the table below.



Restricted Share Activity and Other Data:	Number of Restricted Share Awards		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value

Non-vested restricted share awards outstanding, January 1, 2018	819		$	11.51
Granted	279		5.87
Vested	(548	)	12.78
Forfeited	(59	)	8.95
Non-vested restricted share awards outstanding, December 31, 2018	491		$	7.20

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of warrants or rights issued. Warrants and rights outstanding are derivative securities that give the holder the right to purchase securities (usually equity) from the issuer at a specific price within a certain time frame. Warrants are often included in a new debt issue to entice investors by a higher return potential. The main difference between warrants and call options is that warrants are issued and guaranteed by the company, whereas options are exchange instruments and are not issued by the company. Also, the lifetime of a warrant is often measured in years, while the lifetime of a typical option is measured in months. Disclose the title of issue of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the aggregate amount of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the date from which the warrants or rights are exercisable, and the price at which the warrant or right is exercisable.

+ References + Details

Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share Reconciliation

A reconciliation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share, together with the related shares outstanding in thousands for the years ended December 31, is as follows:



Net (Loss) Income Per Share:	2018			2017		2016

Net (loss) income	$	(95,304	)	$	68,271	$	(41,276	)

Weighted average shares:
Basic shares	37,325			40,465		41,248
Effect of dilutive securities—employee and director equity awards outstanding and 2023 Notes	—			1,300		—
Diluted shares	37,325			41,765		41,248

Net (loss) income per share - basic	$	(2.55	)	$	1.69	$	(1.00	)
Net (loss) income per share - diluted	$	(2.55	)	$	1.63	$	(1.00	)

Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table shows the components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for the twelve months ended December 31, net of immaterial tax effects:



Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income:	2018			2017			2016

Foreign currency translation adjustment:
Beginning balance	$	(23,202	)	$	(23,336	)	$	(22,312	)
Net other comprehensive (loss) income	(419		)	134			(1,024		)
Balance at December 31,	(23,621		)	(23,202		)	(23,336		)

Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net
Beginning balance	(64		)	(229		)	(345		)
Net other comprehensive income, net of ($18), $28, $16, tax, respectively	269			165			116
Balance at December 31,	205			(64		)	(229		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31,	$	(23,416	)	$	(23,266	)	$	(23,565	)

Company Operations by Product, Customer and Geographic Area (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Revenue from External Customers by Product and Services

The following table presents a summary of total revenues by these products for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:



Revenue by Product:	2018		2017		2016

Bloxiverz	$	20,850	$	45,596	$	82,896
Vazculep	42,916		38,187		39,796
Akovaz	33,759		80,617		16,831
Noctiva	1,204		—		—
Other	2,694		8,441		7,699
Total product sales	101,423		172,841		147,222
License revenue	1,846		404		3,024
Total revenues	$	103,269	$	173,245	$	150,246

Schedule of Revenue by Major Customers by Reporting Segments

The following table presents a summary of total revenues by significant customer for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:



Revenue by Significant Customer:	2018		2017		2016

Customer A	$	26,794	$	44,762	$	51,648
Customer B	25,413		37,965		39,359
Customer C	18,620		25,691		30,916
Customer D	9,653		53,342		17,728
Others	20,943		11,081		7,571
Total product sales	101,423		172,841		147,222
License revenue	1,846		404		3,024
Total revenues	$	103,269	$	173,245	$	150,246

Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas

The following table summarizes revenues by geographic region for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:



Revenue by Geographic Region:	2018		2017		2016

United States	$	101,423	$	172,841	$	147,283
Ireland	1,846		404		2,963
Total revenues	$	103,269	$	173,245	$	150,246

Long-lived Assets by Geographic Areas

ep and Noctiva and two contract manufacturing organizations for the manufacture of Akovaz, from which we derive a ma

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 06, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 30, 2016 € / shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Authorized share capital			$ 5,500,000
Ordinary shares, shares authorized (in shares) \| shares	500,000,000	500,000,000	500,000,000
Ordinary shares, nominal value (in usd or euro per share) \| (per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01		€ 0.122
Preferred shares, shares authorized (in shares) \| shares	50,000,000	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred shares, nominal value (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Adjustment to reduce share premium				$ 317,254,000
Operating expenses	$ 208,195,000	$ 83,740,000	$ 155,211,000
Ordinary shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cross-border merger nominal value adjustment			(5,937,000)
Advertising
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Operating expenses	$ 17,562,000	$ 2,214,000	$ 1,294,000

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue (Details) - Change in Accounting Method Accounted for as Change in Estimate $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares
Change in Accounting Estimate [Line Items]
Product sales and services \| $	$ 5,981
Effect on earnings per diluted share (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.05

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) derived from continuing operations during the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6371337&loc=d3e3550-109257

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 7
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109260490&loc=d3e1337-109256

Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 2
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109260490&loc=d3e1252-109256

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 220
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=114873765&loc=SL114874048-224260

Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 220
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=114873790&loc=SL114874131-224263

Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(13))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=115205541&loc=SL114868656-224227

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 60B
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109260490&loc=SL5780133-109256

Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 220
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=114873790&loc=SL114874131-224263

Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=115205541&loc=SL114868664-224227

+ Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Property and Equipment Useful Lives (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Laboratory equipment \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (in years)	8 years
Laboratory equipment \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (in years)	4 years
Software, office and computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (in years)	3 years
Furniture, fixtures and fittings \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (in years)	10 years
Furniture, fixtures and fittings \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (in years)	5 years

Effect of New Accounting Standards (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Right of use assets at contract manufacturing organizations		$ 5,894	$ 2,909
Scenario, Forecast \| Accounting Standards Update 2016-02
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Operating Lease, liability	$ 5,100
Right of use assets at contract manufacturing organizations	$ 5,100

Revenue Recognition (Details)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 1,600,000
Contract with customer, liability	$ 0

Fair Value Measurements - Measured on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Feb. 16, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	$ 90,590
Fair Value			$ 77,511
Long-term related party payable, less current portion	19,401		73,918
Long-term debt	115,840		267
Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	9,145
Fair Value			468
Money market funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	52,996
Fair Value			44,481
Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	6,339
Fair Value			9,262
Government securities - U.S.
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	12,701
Fair Value			19,050
Other fixed-income securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	9,409
Fair Value			4,250
Level 1 \| Money market funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	52,996
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring \| Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets			62,141	$ 44,949
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring \| Level 1 \| Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	9,145
Fair Value				468
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring \| Level 1 \| Money market funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value			44,481
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring \| Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets			28,449	32,562
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring \| Level 2 \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	6,339
Fair Value				9,262
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring \| Level 2 \| Government securities - U.S.
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	12,701
Fair Value				19,050
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring \| Level 2 \| Other fixed-income securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	$ 9,409
Fair Value				4,250
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring \| Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Long-term related party payable, less current portion			28,840	98,925
Total liabilities			$ 28,840	$ 98,925
4.50% Exchangeable Senior Notes Due 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Interest rate	4.50%	4.50%	4.50%
Senior Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 115,691		$ 0
Senior Notes \| 4.50% Exchangeable Senior Notes Due 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Long-term debt	143,750		$ 0
Long-term debt, fair value	$ 81,490

Marketable Securities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Equity securities, gross unrealized loss	$ 956
Equity securities, gross unrealized gain			$ 344
Marketable securities, realized gains	317	$ 1,677	1,265
Marketable securities, realized loss	$ 565	$ 1,390	$ 586

Marketable Securities - Summary of Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Fair Value to Amortized Cost [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost	$ 91,359
Unrealized Gains	411
Unrealized Losses	(1,180)
Fair Value	90,590
ASU 2016-01 Transition [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost		$ 77,592
Unrealized Gains		32
Unrealized Losses		(113)
Fair Value		77,511
Equity securities
Debt Securities, Trading, and Equity Securities, FV-NI [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost	10,101
Unrealized Gains	0
Unrealized Losses	(956)
Fair Value	9,145
ASU 2016-01 Transition [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost		443
Unrealized Gains		31
Unrealized Losses		(6)
Fair Value		468
Money market funds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Fair Value to Amortized Cost [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost	52,733
Unrealized Gains	316
Unrealized Losses	(53)
Fair Value	52,996
ASU 2016-01 Transition [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost		44,525
Unrealized Gains		0
Unrealized Losses		(44)
Fair Value		44,481
Corporate bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Fair Value to Amortized Cost [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost	6,411
Unrealized Gains	7
Unrealized Losses	(79)
Fair Value	6,339
ASU 2016-01 Transition [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost		9,285
Unrealized Gains		1
Unrealized Losses		(24)
Fair Value		9,262
Government securities - U.S.
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Fair Value to Amortized Cost [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost	12,714
Unrealized Gains	66
Unrealized Losses	(79)
Fair Value	12,701
ASU 2016-01 Transition [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost		19,080
Unrealized Gains		0
Unrealized Losses		(30)
Fair Value		19,050
Other fixed-income securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Fair Value to Amortized Cost [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost	9,400
Unrealized Gains	22
Unrealized Losses	(13)
Fair Value	$ 9,409
ASU 2016-01 Transition [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost		4,259
Unrealized Gains		0
Unrealized Losses		(9)
Fair Value		$ 4,250

Marketable Securities - Schedule of Maturities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 90,590
Corporate bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less than 1 Year	1,511
1-5 Years	4,828
5-10 Years	0
Greater than 10 Years	0
Fair Value	6,339
Government securities - U.S.
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less than 1 Year	771
1-5 Years	11,145
5-10 Years	281
Greater than 10 Years	504
Fair Value	12,701
Other fixed-income securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less than 1 Year	0
1-5 Years	9,409
5-10 Years	0
Greater than 10 Years	0
Fair Value	9,409
Debt Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less than 1 Year	2,282
1-5 Years	25,382
5-10 Years	281
Greater than 10 Years	504
Fair Value	$ 28,449

Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished goods	$ 4,270	$ 4,774
Raw materials	500	1,383
Total	4,770	6,157
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory reserves	4,757	$ 1,039
Inventory adjustments	3,718
Noctiva
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory adjustments	$ 2,583

Property and Equipment, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Less - accumulated depreciation	$ (13,155)	$ (15,028)
Property and equipment, net	1,911	3,001
Depreciation	811	1,224	$ 601
Laboratory equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	8,864	10,135
Software, office and computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	2,487	3,115
Furniture, fixtures and fittings
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 3,715	$ 4,779

Acquisitions (Details Textual) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
Acquisitions (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Feb. 05, 2016	Feb. 29, 2016	Dec. 31, 2013	Feb. 28, 2013	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Payments to acquire businesses, gross					$ 22,951,000	$ 37,311,000	$ 30,838,000
Percentage of royalty payable on net sales			0.834%
Deerfield CSF LLC \| Affiliated Entity
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Percentage of royalty payable on net sales				1.75%
FSC
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Business combination, consideration transferred	$ 21,659,000
Payment for settlement of net working capital	$ 467,000
Business combination, pro forma information, revenue of acquiree since acquisition date, actual							5,985,000
Business combination, pro forma information, loss of acquiree since acquisition date, actual							$ 5,839,000
FSC \| Maximum
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets useful life (in years)	15 years
FSC \| Minimum
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets useful life (in years)	9 years
FSC \| Deerfield CSF LLC \| Affiliated Entity
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Business combination, recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, noncurrent liabilities, long-term debt	$ 15,000,000
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	$ 1,050,000	$ 1,050,000
Debt instrument, term (in years)	5 years	5 years
Business combination, contingent consideration, liability	$ 6,659,000
Percentage of royalty payable on net sales	15.00%	15.00%
FSC \| Deerfield CSF LLC \| Affiliated Entity \| Maximum
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Royalty guarantees, commitments, amount	$ 12,500,000
Royalty guarantees, commitments, term (in years)	10 years	10 years

Acquisitions - Purchase Price Allocation (Details) - FSC $ in Thousands	Feb. 05, 2016 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	$ 142
Inventories	1,135
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,712
Deferred tax assets	853
Other assets	277
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(3,827)
Total	21,192
Marketing Rights
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	16,600
Developed Technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 4,300

Acquisitions - Pro Forma Information (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Net revenue	$ 150,721
Net loss	$ (42,290)

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Net Book Value (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Amortizable intangible assets:
Amortizable intangible assets: Gross Value	$ 85,172,000	$ 106,072,000
Amortizable intangible assets: Accumulated Amortization	(17,456,000)	(13,783,000)
Amortizable intangible assets, Impairment	(66,087,000)
Amortizable intangible assets: Net Book Value	1,629,000	92,289,000
Unamortizable intangible assets:
Unamortizable intangible assets: Goodwill, Gross Value	18,491,000	18,491,000
Unamortizable intangible assets: Accumulated Amortization	0	0
Unamortizable intangible assets: Net Book Value	18,491,000	18,491,000
In Process Research and Development \| Noctiva
Amortizable intangible assets:
Amortizable intangible assets: Gross Value	73,111,000	73,111,000
Amortizable intangible assets: Accumulated Amortization	(7,024,000)	(1,401,000)
Amortizable intangible assets, Impairment	(66,087,000)
Amortizable intangible assets: Net Book Value	0	71,710,000
In Process Research and Development \| Vazculep
Amortizable intangible assets:
Amortizable intangible assets: Gross Value	12,061,000	12,061,000
Amortizable intangible assets: Accumulated Amortization	(10,432,000)	(9,616,000)
Amortizable intangible assets, Impairment	0
Amortizable intangible assets: Net Book Value	1,629,000	2,445,000
Marketing Rights
Amortizable intangible assets:
Amortizable intangible assets: Gross Value	0	16,600,000
Amortizable intangible assets: Accumulated Amortization	0	(2,132,000)
Amortizable intangible assets, Impairment	0
Amortizable intangible assets: Net Book Value	0	14,468,000
Developed Technology
Amortizable intangible assets:
Amortizable intangible assets: Gross Value	0	4,300,000
Amortizable intangible assets: Accumulated Amortization	0	(634,000)
Amortizable intangible assets, Impairment	0
Amortizable intangible assets: Net Book Value	$ 0	$ 3,666,000

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 01, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible asset amortization		$ 6,619	$ 3,659	$ 13,888
Upfront payment for developed technology		20,000	53,111	0
Accrued contract research organization charges		1,000	156
Transaction costs		3,111
Impairment of intangible asset		$ 66,087	0	$ 0
Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated useful life (in years)		15 years
Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated useful life (in years)		3 years
Developed Technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Developed technology acquired			$ 73,111
Upfront payment for developed technology		$ 50,000
Accrued contract research organization charges		$ 20,000
Amortization period (in years)	13 years

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Estimate Future Amortization (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2019	$ 815
2020	814
2021	0
2022	0
2023	$ 0

Long-Term Debt Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Feb. 16, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 115,840		$ 267
Other debt	594		191
Less: current maturities	(106)		(111)
Long-term debt, less current portion	$ 115,734		$ 156
4.50% Exchangeable Senior Notes Due 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	4.50%	4.50%	4.50%
Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less: unamortized debt discount and issuance costs, net	$ (28,059)		$ 0
Total	115,691		0
Equity component of exchangeable notes, net of issuance costs	(26,699)		0
Senior Notes \| 4.50% Exchangeable Senior Notes Due 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	143,750		0
Loans Payable
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Other debt	$ 149		$ 267

Long-Term Debt (Details Textual)		12 Months Ended
Long-Term Debt (Details Textual)	Feb. 16, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) day $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Proceeds from loans or conditional grants		$ 143,750,000	$ 0	$ 0
ADS, option price per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 10.79
ADS premium percentage		20.00%
ADS purchased, price per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 8.99
Other debt		$ 594,000	191,000
Repayments of loans		6,190,000	0	0
Research and development arrangement, waiver of loan repayment		$ 0	539,000	0
Convertible Debt
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Remaining discount amortization period		5 years
Loans Payable
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Other debt		$ 149,000	267,000
Research Projects Loan
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Repayments of loans		$ 193,000	$ 115,000	$ 277,000
4.50% Exchangeable Senior Notes Due 2023
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount	$ 125,000,000
Interest rate	4.50%	4.50%	4.50%
Option to increase aggregate principal amount	$ 18,750,000
Proceeds from loans or conditional grants	$ 137,560,000
ADSs, conversion ratio		92.6956
4.50% Exchangeable Senior Notes Due 2023 \| Convertible Debt
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Debt discount and issuance costs, net		$ 6,190,000
Debt issuance cost allocated to equity component		1,201,000
Debt issuance cost allocated to liability component		$ 4,989,000
Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One [Member]
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Consecutive business days		5 days
Consecutive trading days \| day		5
Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two [Member]
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Scheduled threshold trading days		95 days
Threshold trading days \| day		35
Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Three [Member]
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Consecutive trading days \| day		30
Threshold trading days \| day		20
Threshold percentage of stock price trigger		130.00%

Long-Term Related Party Payable - Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Long-Term Related Party Payable
Related party payable, beginning balance	$ 98,925	$ 169,347	$ 122,693
Payments to Related Parties	(22,951)	(37,311)	(30,838)
Operating (Gain) Expense	(22,731)	(31,040)	49,285
Other Income	(1,899)
Expiration of Warrants	(2,167)
Disposal	(20,337)
Related party payable, ending balance	28,840	98,925	$ 169,347
Less: Current portion	(9,439)	(25,007)
Total long-term related party payable	19,401	73,918
Financing-related:
Long-Term Related Party Payable
Related party payable, beginning balance	15,000
Payments to Related Parties	0
Operating (Gain) Expense	0
Other Income	0
Expiration of Warrants	0
Disposal	(15,000)
Related party payable, ending balance	0	15,000
Warrant \| Acquisition-related contingent consideration:
Long-Term Related Party Payable
Related party payable, beginning balance	2,479
Payments to Related Parties	0
Operating (Gain) Expense	(312)
Other Income	0
Expiration of Warrants	(2,167)
Disposal	0
Related party payable, ending balance	0	2,479
Earn-out payments \| Acquisition-related contingent consideration:
Long-Term Related Party Payable
Related party payable, beginning balance	67,744
Payments to Related Parties	(19,468)
Operating (Gain) Expense	(22,661)
Other Income	0
Expiration of Warrants	0
Disposal	0
Related party payable, ending balance	25,615	67,744
Royalty agreement - FSC \| Acquisition-related contingent consideration:
Long-Term Related Party Payable
Related party payable, beginning balance	5,740
Payments to Related Parties	(645)
Operating (Gain) Expense	242
Other Income	0
Expiration of Warrants	0
Disposal	(5,337)
Related party payable, ending balance	0	5,740
Royalty agreement - Deerfield \| Financing-related:
Long-Term Related Party Payable
Related party payable, beginning balance	5,392
Payments to Related Parties	(1,922)
Operating (Gain) Expense	0
Other Income	(1,286)
Expiration of Warrants	0
Disposal	0
Related party payable, ending balance	2,184	5,392
Royalty agreement - Broadfin \| Financing-related:
Long-Term Related Party Payable
Related party payable, beginning balance	2,570
Payments to Related Parties	(916)
Operating (Gain) Expense	0
Other Income	(613)
Expiration of Warrants	0
Disposal	0
Related party payable, ending balance	$ 1,041	$ 2,570

Long-Term Related Party Payable - Warrant Fair Value Assumptions (Details) - Warrant	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares
Stock price
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Stock price (in dollars per share)	$ 8.20
Weighted average exercise price per share
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Exercise price of warrants (in usd per share)	$ 8.63
Expected term (years)
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, expected term (years)	3 months
Expected volatility
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.3790
Risk-free interest rate
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.0139
Expected dividend yield
Schedule of Capitalization, Long-term Debt [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding, measurement input	0.00

Long-Term Related Party Payable - Payable Balance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Business Combination, Changes in Related Party Payable [Roll Forward]
Related party payable, beginning balance	$ 98,925	$ 169,347	$ 122,693
Additions			21,659
Payments of related party payable	(22,951)	(37,311)	(30,838)
Fair value adjustments	(24,630)	(33,111)	55,833
Expiration of Warrants	(2,167)
Disposal	(20,337)
Related party payable, ending balance	$ 28,840	$ 98,925	$ 169,347

Long-Term Related Party Payable (Details Textual) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended					12 Months Ended
	Feb. 05, 2016	Mar. 13, 2012	Jan. 31, 2021	Feb. 29, 2016	Dec. 31, 2013	Feb. 28, 2013	Mar. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Mar. 12, 2018	Feb. 23, 2018	Mar. 12, 2012
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Number of securities called by each warrant (in shares)								1
Percentage of royalty payable on net sales					0.834%
Cash consideration received on royalty agreement					$ 2,200,000
Payments to acquire businesses, gross								$ 22,951,000	$ 37,311,000	$ 30,838,000
Minimum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Discounted cash flow risk adjusted discount rate								15.00%
Affiliated Entity \| Deerfield CSF LLC
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Percentage of royalty payable on net sales						1.75%
Cash consideration received on royalty agreement						$ 2,600,000
Eclat Pharmaceuticals
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Warrants issued		2
Warrant term (in years)		6 years
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares)		3,300
Exercise price of warrants (in usd per share)		$ 11.00
Number of securities called by each warrant (in shares)												2,200,000	1,100
Percentage of earn-out payments							20.00%
Remaining warrants outstanding expired											1,100,000
Eclat Pharmaceuticals \| Exercise Price 1
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Exercise price of warrants (in usd per share)		$ 7.44
Number of securities called by each warrant (in shares)												2,200	2,200
FSC \| Affiliated Entity \| Deerfield CSF LLC
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Percentage of royalty payable on net sales	15.00%			15.00%
Royalty amount				$ 12,500,000
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	$ 1,050,000			$ 1,050,000
Debt instrument, term (in years)	5 years			5 years
FSC \| Affiliated Entity \| Deerfield CSF LLC \| Scenario, Forecast
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Final payment to acquire business gross			$ 15,000,000
FSC \| Affiliated Entity \| Deerfield CSF LLC \| Maximum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Royalty guarantees, commitments, term (in years)	10 years			10 years

Income Taxes - Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Income (loss) before income taxes	$ (113,197)	$ 92,660	$ (9,718)
Ireland
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Income (loss) before income taxes	(42,604)	(3,123)	(22,866)
United States
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Income (loss) before income taxes	(70,340)	92,754	32,786
France
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Income (loss) before income taxes	$ (253)	$ 3,029	$ (19,638)

Income Taxes - Income Tax Provision (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current:
United States - Federal	$ 0	$ 18,064	$ 30,738
United States - State	330	331	1,081
France	0	265	5,267
Total current	330	18,660	37,086
Deferred:
United States - Federal	(19,503)	4,686	(6,443)
United States - State	1,280	1,043	(23)
France	0	0	938
Total deferred	(18,223)	5,729	(5,528)
Income tax (benefit) provision	$ (17,893)	$ 24,389	$ 31,558

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent [Abstract]
Statutory tax rate	12.49945%	12.50%	12.50%
Differences in international tax rates	8.00%	22.20%	(31.90%)
Nondeductible changes in fair value of contingent consideration	4.00%	(11.60%)	(165.00%)
Income tax deferred charge	0.00%	0.00%	(9.70%)
Change in valuation allowances	(5.30%)	(0.70%)	11.80%
Nondeductible stock-based compensation	(1.30%)	(0.40%)	(14.80%)
Cross border merger	0.00%	0.30%	(100.60%)
Unrealized tax benefits	(1.30%)	1.40%	(15.20%)
State and local taxes (net of federal)	(0.30%)	0.30%	(9.60%)
Change in U.S. tax law	(0.20%)	3.80%	0.00%
Nondeductible interest expense	(1.10%)	0.00%	0.00%
Other	0.70%	(1.50%)	(2.30%)
Effective income tax rate	15.70%	26.30%	(324.80%)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
Income tax provision (benefit) - at statutory tax rate	$ (14,149)	$ 11,582	$ (1,215)
International tax rates differential	(9,039)	20,557	3,097
Nondeductible changes in fair value of contingent consideration	(4,559)	(10,779)	16,036
Income tax deferred charge	0	0	938
Change in valuation allowances	5,998	(610)	(1,143)
Nondeductible stock-based compensation	1,499	(375)	1,436
Cross-border merger	0	265	9,773
Unrecognized tax benefits	1,440	1,296	1,475
State and local taxes (net of federal)	299	252	934
Change in U.S. tax law	274	3,513	0
Nondeductible interest expense	1,269	0	0
Other	(925)	(1,312)	227
Income tax (benefit) provision	$ (17,893)	$ 24,389	$ 31,558

Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefit (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Unrecognized Tax Benefit Activity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 3,954	$ 1,686	$ 448
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	1,087	2,268	1,578
Increases (decreases) for tax positions of prior years	274	0	(340)
Ending balance	$ 5,315	$ 3,954	$ 1,686

Income Taxes - Deferred Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2014
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 19,510	$ 9,831
Amortization	20,642	7,563
Stock based compensation	4,587	4,375
Fair value royalty agreements	0	635
Fair value contingent consideration	384	870
Other	479	406
Gross deferred tax assets	45,602	23,680
Deferred tax liabilities:
Amortization	(308)	(2,419)
Accounts receivable	(661)	(936)
Prepaid expenses	(405)	(1,094)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(1,374)	(4,449)
Less: valuation allowances	(21,199)	(15,354)
Net deferred tax assets	$ 23,029	$ 3,877	$ 10,342	$ 13,102

Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Statutory tax rate		12.49945%	12.50%	12.50%
Increase (decrease) in income tax provision		$ (42,282,000)	$ (7,169,000)
Interest and penalties could change by up to		500,000
Tax cost associated with Tax Cuts and Jobs Act			3,513,000
Income tax provision effect of cross-border merger		0	265,000	$ 9,773,000
Income tax provision effect of transfer of intellectual property		0	0	938,000
Unrecognized tax benefits		4,597,000	3,349,000	1,565,000
Income tax penalties and interest expense		725,000	304,000	26,000
Income tax penalties and interest accrued		1,057,000	331,000
Unremitted earnings		2,798,000
Deferred tax assets, tax credit carryforwards, research		7,555,000	5,272,000
Current deferred tax liabilities			518,000
Research tax credit utilized			4,266,000
Income tax charge		(17,893,000)	24,389,000	31,558,000
Tax-related prepaid expenses	$ 986,000			814,000
Deferred tax assets	$ 13,102,000	23,029,000	3,877,000	10,342,000
Deferred tax amortized rate	7.00%
Income tax deferred charge				11,156,000
Income tax provision related to cross-border merger			4,266,000
Tax charge due to remeasurement		274,000	$ 3,513,000	0
FSC
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards				$ 10,365,000
U.S. Holdings
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards		15,475,000
Ireland
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Statutory tax rate			12.50%	12.50%
Net operating loss carryforwards		72,453,000
Gross research tax credit		633,000
Tax relief amount		8,500,000
France
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards		3,259,000
Gross research tax credit		6,922,000	$ 4,754,000
Income tax charge	$ 14,088,000
Removal of operating loss carryforwards			111,495,000
United States
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards		$ 25,840,000
Intellectual Property
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets, intangible asset			$ 7,954,000

Post-Retirement Benefit Plans - Benefit Obligation Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Compensation rate increase	2.75%	3.00%	3.00%
Discount rate	1.50%	1.25%	1.31%
Employee turn-over description	Actuarial standard and average of the last 5 years	Actuarial standard and average of the last 5 years	Actuarial standard and average of the last 5 years
Employee turn-over, average years	5 years	5 years	5 years
Average age of retirement description	60 to 65 years actuarial standard based on age and professional status	60 to 65 years actuarial standard based on age and professional status	60 to 65 years actuarial standard based on age and professional status
Minimum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Average age of retirement (in years)	60 years	60 years	60 years
Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Average age of retirement (in years)	65 years	65 years	65 years

Post-Retirement Benefit Plans - Benefit Obligation Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Retirement indemnity benefit obligation, beginning of year	$ 1,303	$ 2,431
Service cost	93	132
Interest cost	17	21
Plan amendment	0	(829)
Benefits paid	(12)	0
Curtailment gain	(148)	(717)
Actuarial loss	(178)	(25)
Exchange rate changes	(51)	290
Retirement indemnity benefit obligation, end of year	$ 1,024	$ 1,303

Post-Retirement Benefit Plans - Future Obligation (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
2019	$ 0
2020	0
2021	0
2022	17
2023	0
Next five years	158
Total	$ 175

Post-Retirement Benefit Plans (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Defined contribution plan, increase (decrease) in cost recognized	$ (69)	$ 123	$ 348
Curtailment gain	$ 148	$ 717

Other Assets and Liabilities - Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Valued-added tax recoverable	$ 1,378	$ 1,206
Prepaid and other expenses	2,145	7,106
Guarantee from Armistice (see Note 16)	534	0
Income tax receivable	921	518
Research and development tax credit receivable	283	0
Short-term deposit	3,350	0
Other	225	128
Total	$ 8,836	$ 8,958

Other Assets and Liabilities - Other Non-Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2014
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred tax assets	$ 23,029	$ 3,877	$ 10,342	$ 13,102
Long-term deposits	1,477	3,350
Guarantee from Armistice (see Note 16)	5,697	0
Right of use assets at contract manufacturing organizations	5,894	2,909
Other	49	113
Total	$ 36,146	$ 10,249

Other Assets and Liabilities - Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Accrued compensation	$ 3,971	$ 3,157
Accrued social charges	1,009	1,204
Accrued restructuring (see Note 17)	879	1,000
Customer allowances	6,541	10,613
Accrued ELAA payment	0	20,000
Accrued contract research organization charges	1,000	156
Accrued contract manufacturing organization costs	2,028	2,327
Accrued contract sales organization and marketing costs	3,469	7,641
Other	2,798	4,828
Total	$ 21,695	$ 50,926

Other Assets and Liabilities - Other Non-Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision for retirement indemnity	$ 1,024	$ 1,303	$ 2,431
Customer allowances	1,352	1,636
Unrecognized tax benefits	5,315	3,954	$ 1,686	$ 448
Guarantee to Deerfield	5,717	0
Other	594	191
Total	$ 14,002	$ 7,084

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Jan. 21, 2019
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Other commitment	$ 51,284
Purchase commitment, period (in years)	5 years
Purchase obligation	$ 26,682
Operating leases, rent expense, net	1,213	$ 1,146	$ 970
Inventories
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Payment of purchase commitment	9,965
Initial Build Of Production Suite \| Minimum
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Other commitment	300
Annual Production Suite Fees \| Minimum
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Other commitment	3,000
Annual Production Suite Fees \| Maximum
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Other commitment	4,000
Specialty Pharma Obligation
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Purchase obligation	$ 15,308
Threatened Litigation \| Subsequent event
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Loss contingency, estimate of possible loss				$ 1,700

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments - Purchase Commitments (Details) - Inventories $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Purchase Commitments:
2019	$ 10,754
2020	5,948
2021	4,880
2022	4,880
2023	220
Thereafter	0
Total	$ 26,682

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments - Lease Commitments (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Lease Commitment:
2019	$ 1,191
2020	1,208
2021	1,008
2022	767
2023	695
Thereafter	967
Total	$ 5,836

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments - Contractual Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Long-term debt and interest
Total	$ 173,009
Less than 1 Year	6,575
1 to 3 Years	12,981
3 to 5 Years	153,453
More than 5 Years	0
Long-term related party payable (undiscounted)
Total	51,284
Less than 1 Year	9,439
1 to 3 Years	8,713
3 to 5 Years	7,250
More than 5 Years	25,882
Purchase commitments
Total	26,682
Less than 1 Year	10,754
1 to 3 Years	10,828
3 to 5 Years	5,100
More than 5 Years	0
Operating leases
Total	5,836
Less than 1 Year	1,191
1 to 3 Years	2,217
3 to 5 Years	1,461
More than 5 Years	967
Total contractual cash obligations
Total	256,811
Less than 1 Year	27,959
1 to 3 Years	34,739
3 to 5 Years	167,264
More than 5 Years	26,849
Specialty Pharma Obligation
Purchase commitments
Total	$ 15,308

Divestiture of the Pediatric Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended
	Feb. 12, 2018	Jan. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Percentage of royalty payable on net sales			0.834%
Guarantee to Deerfield				$ 5,717	$ 0
2016 MIPA \| Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Noncash or part noncash acquisition, debt assumed	$ 2,625
Debt instrument, periodic payment, interest	263
Research and development reimbursement, in excess of	1,000
Guarantee to Deerfield	6,643			6,253
Guaranty assets	$ 6,620			$ 6,231
2016 MIPA \| Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale \| FSC
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Percentage of royalty payable on net sales	15.00%
Royalty payable on net sales, maximum	$ 10,300
2016 MIPA \| Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale \| Scenario, Forecast
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Repayments of assumed debt		$ 15,263

Restructuring Costs - France - (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring costs	$ 1,164	$ 3,259
Severance costs	776
Curtailment gain	148	717
Lyon France Workforce Reduction \| Employee Severance
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Percent reduction in workforce			50.00%
Restructuring costs	$ 1,016	$ 2,542

Restructuring Costs - France - Severance Obligation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance of accrued costs	$ 1,000	$ 0
Charges for employee severance, benefits and other	1,164	3,259
Payments	(1,261)	(2,600)
Foreign currency impact	(24)	341
Ending balance of accrued costs	$ 879	$ 1,000

Equity Instruments and Stock Based Compensation (Details Textual)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Mar. 12, 2018 shares	Feb. 23, 2018 shares	Feb. 12, 2018 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2018 shares	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 30, 2016 € / shares	Mar. 12, 2012 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Ordinary shares, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000	500,000,000
Ordinary shares, nominal value (in usd or euro per share) \| (per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01								€ 0.122
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in shares)	42,720,000	41,463,000
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	37,313,000	39,346,000
Preferred shares, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred shares, nominal value (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred shares, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Authorized repurchase amount \| $					$ 7,000,000			$ 18,000,000		$ 25,000,000
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount \| $					$ 50,000,000
Share repurchases (in shares)	5,407,000
Share repurchases \| $	$ (49,998,000)	$ (22,361,000)
Unrecognized compensation expense \| $	$ 6,726,000
Weighted average period for unrecognized expense (in years)	2 years 4 months 6 days
Excess tax benefit related to stock-based compensation \| $	$ 0
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised \| $	$ 0	$ 1,161,000	$ 58,000
Grant date fair value of options granted (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 3.60	$ 5.20	$ 6.14
Number of securities called by each warrant (in shares)	1
Grant date fair value of warrants granted (in usd per share) \| $ / shares			$ 2.99
Additional warrants outstanding									3,300,000
Warrant
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average period for unrecognized expense (in years)	0 years	0 years	2 years 6 months
Vesting period (in years)	1 year
Expiration period (in years)	4 years
Aggregate intrinsic value of warrants exercised \| $	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Granted (in shares)	0	0
Free Share Award
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period (in years)	2 years	3 years		4 years
Granted (in shares)	279,000		12.11
Weighted average grant fair value of free share awards \| $ / shares	$ 5.87	$ 8.95
Free Share Award \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Service period (in years)				2 years
Free Share Award \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Service period (in years)				4 years
Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period (in years)	4 years
Expiration period (in years)	10 years
Number of shares authorized (in shares)	1,873,147,000
2017 Avadel Employee Share Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Ordinary shares, nominal value (in usd or euro per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.01
Shares available for issuance under ESPP	1,000,000
Purchase price of common stock, percentage	85.00%
Stock issued during period, employee share purchase plans (in shares)	25,000
Eclat Pharmaceuticals
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of securities called by each warrant (in shares)							2,200,000					1,100
Remaining warrants outstanding expired						1,100,000
2/3 vesting at second anniversary of grant date \| Free Share Award, Grants during 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	67.00%
1/3 vesting at third anniversary of grant date \| Free Share Award, Grants during 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	33.00%
1/3 vesting at third anniversary of grant date \| Free Share Award, Grants beginning 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	33.00%
1/3 vesting at first anniversary of grant date \| Free Share Award, Grants beginning 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	33.00%
1/3 vesting at second anniversary of grant date \| Free Share Award, Grants beginning 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	33.00%

Equity Instruments and Stock Based Compensation - Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 7,852	$ 8,072	$ 14,679
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	880	672	3,523
Selling, general and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 6,972	$ 7,400	$ 11,156

Equity Instruments and Stock Based Compensation - Fair Value Assumptions (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	2 years 4 months 6 days
Excess tax benefit related to stock-based compensation	$ 0
Warrant
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	0 years	0 years	2 years 6 months
Expected volatility	0.00%	0.00%	60.57%
Risk-free interest rate	0.00%	0.00%	0.82%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Aggregate intrinsic value of warrants exercised	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Granted (in shares)	0	0
Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	6 years 3 months	6 years 3 months	6 years 3 months
Expected volatility	56.59%	58.82%	58.39%
Risk-free interest rate	2.68%	2.20%	2.04%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

Equity Instruments and Stock Based Compensation - Stock Options (Details) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Stock Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Stock options outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	5,041
Granted (in shares) \| shares	138
Exercised (in shares) \| shares	(82)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(428)
Expired (in shares) \| shares	(68)
Stock options outstanding, ending balance (in shares) \| shares	4,601
Stock options exercisable (in shares) \| shares	3,005
Stock Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Stock options outstanding, beginning balance (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 11.34
Granted (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	6.67
Exercised (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	6.52
Forfeited (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	10.04
Expired (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	12.41
Stock options outstanding, ending balance (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	11.39
Stock options exercisable (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 11.99
Stock options outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	7 years 3 months
Stock options exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	6 years 7 months 28 days
Stock options outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value \| $	$ 0
Stock options exercisable, Aggregate Intrinsic Value \| $	$ 0

Equity Instruments and Stock Based Compensation - Warrants (Details) - Warrant - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Warrant Activity and Other Data, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	894,000
Granted (in shares)	0	0
Exercised (in shares)	0
Forfeited (in shares)	0
Expired (in shares)	(298,000)
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	596,000	894,000
Warrants exercisable (in shares)	596,000
Warrant Activity and Other Data, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Warrants outstanding, beginning balance (in usd per share)	$ 16.77
Granted (in usd per share)	0.00
Exercised (in usd per share)	0.00
Forfeited (in usd per share)	0.00
Expired (in usd per share)	14.87
Warrants outstanding, ending balance (in usd per share)	17.72	$ 16.77
Warrants exercisable (in usd per share)	$ 17.72
Warrants outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	1 year 11 days
Warrants exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	1 year 11 days
Warrants outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 0
Warrants exercisable, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 0

Equity Instruments and Stock Based Compensation - Free Share Awards (Details) - Free Share Award - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Free Share Activity and Other Data, Nonvested [Roll Forward]
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	819,000
Granted (in shares)	279,000		12.11
Vested (in shares)	(548,000)
Forfeited (in shares)	(59,000)
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	491,000	819,000
Free Share Activity and Other Data, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Nonvested free share award, beginning balance (in usd per share)	$ 11.51
Granted (in usd per share)	5.87	$ 8.95
Vested (in usd per share)	12.78
Forfeited (in usd per share)	8.95
Nonvested free share award, ending balance (in usd per share)	$ 7.20	$ 11.51

Earnings (Loss) Per Share - Reconciliation of basic and diluted EPS (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net (loss) income	$ (95,304)	$ 68,271	$ (41,276)
Weighted average shares:
Basic shares (in shares)	37,325	40,465	41,248
Effect of dilutive securities - options and warrants outstanding (in shares)	0	1,300	0
Diluted shares (in shares)	37,325	41,765	41,248
Net income (loss) per share - basic (in usd per share)	$ (2.55)	$ 1.69	$ (1.00)
Net income (loss) per share - diluted (in usd per share)	$ (2.55)	$ 1.63	$ (1.00)

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

+ References

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+ Details

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

+ References

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+ Details

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details

Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Details Textual) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	17,529	6,368	8,564

Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance	$ 85,580	$ 42,069	$ 69,134
Net other comprehensive (loss) income	(95,454)	68,570	(42,184)
Ending balance	2,780	85,580	42,069
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance	(23,202)	(23,336)	(22,312)
Net other comprehensive (loss) income	(419)	134	(1,024)
Ending balance	(23,621)	(23,202)	(23,336)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance	(64)	(229)	(345)
Net other comprehensive (loss) income	269	165	116
Ending balance	205	(64)	(229)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance	(23,266)	(23,565)	(22,657)
Ending balance	$ (23,416)	$ (23,266)	$ (23,565)

Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, tax	$ (18)	$ 28	$ 16

Company Operations by Product, Customer and Geographic Area - Revenue by Product (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 103,269	$ 173,245	$ 150,246
Bloxiverz
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	20,850	45,596	82,896
Vazculep
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	42,916	38,187	39,796
Akovaz
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	33,759	80,617	16,831
Noctiva
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	1,204	0	0
Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	2,694	8,441	7,699
Product sales
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	101,423	172,841	147,222
License revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 1,846	$ 404	$ 3,024

Company Operations by Product, Customer and Geographic Area - Revenue by Significant Customer (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 103,269	$ 173,245	$ 150,246
Wholesaler Customer
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	101,423	172,841	147,222
Customer A \| Wholesaler Customer
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	26,794	44,762	51,648
Customer B \| Wholesaler Customer
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	25,413	37,965	39,359
Customer C \| Wholesaler Customer
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	18,620	25,691	30,916
Customer D \| Wholesaler Customer
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	9,653	53,342	17,728
Others \| Wholesaler Customer
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	20,943	11,081	7,571
License revenue
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	1,846	404	3,024
License revenue \| Wholesaler Customer
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 1,846	$ 404	$ 3,024

Company Operations by Product, Customer and Geographic Area - Data by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Revenue by Geographic Region:
Total revenues	$ 103,269	$ 173,245	$ 150,246
Long-lived Assets by Geographic Region:
Long-lived assets	35,154	120,153	44,747
United States
Revenue by Geographic Region:
Total revenues		172,841	147,283
Long-lived Assets by Geographic Region:
Long-lived assets	27,761	116,536	42,021
France
Long-lived Assets by Geographic Region:
Long-lived assets	1,365	2,257	2,524
Ireland
Revenue by Geographic Region:
Total revenues	1,846	404	2,963
Long-lived Assets by Geographic Region:
Long-lived assets	$ 6,028	$ 1,360	$ 202

Company Operations by Product, Customer and Geographic Area (Details Textual) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of segments \| segment	1
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	$ 11,330	$ 14,785
Accounts Receivable \| Customer Concentration Risk \| Customer One
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	32.00%
Accounts receivable	$ 3,571
Accounts Receivable \| Customer Concentration Risk \| Customer Two
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	24.00%
Accounts receivable	$ 2,755
Accounts Receivable \| Customer Concentration Risk \| Customer Three
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	24.00%
Accounts receivable	$ 2,789
Accounts Receivable \| Customer Concentration Risk \| Customer Four
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	10.00%
Accounts receivable	$ 1,174

Related Party Transactions (Details Textual) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Feb. 05, 2016	Dec. 03, 2013	Jan. 31, 2021	Feb. 29, 2016	Dec. 31, 2013	Feb. 28, 2013	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payments to acquire businesses, gross							$ 22,951,000	$ 37,311,000	$ 30,838,000
Percentage of royalty payable on net sales					0.834%
Royalty Agreement Terms
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt repayment term date		Dec. 31, 2024				Dec. 31, 2024
Long-term debt repayment percentage		0.834%				1.75%
Eclat Pharmaceuticals
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of earn out payment							20.00%
Affiliated Entity \| Deerfield CSF LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of royalty payable on net sales						1.75%
Affiliated Entity \| Deerfield CSF LLC \| FSC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	$ 1,050,000			$ 1,050,000
Debt instrument, term (in years)	5 years			5 years
Percentage of royalty payable on net sales	15.00%			15.00%
Scenario, Forecast \| Affiliated Entity \| Deerfield CSF LLC \| FSC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Final payment to acquire business gross			$ 15,000,000
Total payments to acquire business gross			$ 20,250,000
Maximum \| Affiliated Entity \| Deerfield CSF LLC \| FSC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Royalty guarantees, commitments, amount	$ 12,500,000
Royalty guarantees, commitments, term (in years)	10 years			10 years

Subsequent Event (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
Subsequent Event (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Feb. 28, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Severance costs		$ 776
Revenue		103,269	$ 173,245	$ 150,246
Selling, general and administrative expenses		100,359	58,860	44,179
Research and development expenses		39,329	33,418	34,611
Noctiva
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Revenue		1,204	0	$ 0
Noctiva \| Specialty Pharma \| Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Means Other than Sale
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Revenue		1,204	0
Selling, general and administrative expenses		62,268	13,536
Research and development expenses		$ 2,782	$ 1,688
Subsequent event \| Scenario, Forecast \| Noctiva \| Specialty Pharma
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Workforce reduction, percentage	50.00%
Subsequent event \| Minimum \| Scenario, Forecast \| Noctiva \| Specialty Pharma
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Severance costs	$ 10,000
Subsequent event \| Maximum \| Scenario, Forecast \| Noctiva \| Specialty Pharma
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Severance costs	$ 15,000

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Details) - Valuation Allowance of Deferred Tax Assets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 15,354	$ 7,599	$ 45,516
Additions: Charges to expense	6,089	391	6,873
Deductions	(75)	(664)	(42,417)
Other changes	(169)	8,028	(2,373)
Balance at end of period	$ 21,199	$ 15,354	$ 7,599